Skip to main content

Rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
High Performance Polymers

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 117))

Abstract

The last two decades of research on high performance rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites have produced a wide variety of material systems for evaluation. The purpose here is not to present a comprehensive review but rather to describe these relatively recent research developments with regard to the synthetic methods and approaches that have been utilized. In doing this some properties of the polymers are discussed as well as some of the problems encountered in conjunction with their synthesis and evaluation. In an effort to limit the scope of the review, we will address only aromatic heterocyclic rigid-rod polymers, extended chain polymers and derived molecular composities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

BBB:

polybenzimidazobenzophenanthroline

BBL:

polybenzimidazoisoquinoline

PPA:

polyphosphoric acid

PBZT:

polybenzobisthiazole

PBZO:

polybenzobisoxazole

PBZI:

polybenzobisimidazole

PBZX:

polybenzobisazole class of materials

[γ]:

intrinsic viscosity

TGA:

thermal gravimetric analysis

TG-MS:

thermal garavimetric-mass spectrometry

ABPBT:

polybenzthiazole

ABPBO:

polybenzoxazole

ABPBI:

polybenzimidazole

PMDA:

pyromellitic anhydride

BPDA:

biphenylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride

Ccr :

critical concentration

PPQ:

polyphenylquinoxaline

PEEK:

polyetheretherketone

PEK:

polyetherketone

PPMA:

solvent composed of methanesulfonic acid/P2O5 (10:1w/w)

7 References

  1. Van Deusen RL, Goins OK, Sicree AJ (1968) J Polym Sci A6: 1777

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tessler MM (1966) J Polym Sci A1: 252

    Google Scholar 

  3. Arnold FE, Van Deusen RL (1969) Macromolecules 2: 497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Arnold FE, Van Deusen RL (1971) J Appl Polym Sci 15: 2035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. DeSchryver F, Marvel CS (1967) J Polym Sci 5: 545

    Google Scholar 

  6. Arnold FE (1970) J Polym Sci 8: 2079

    Google Scholar 

  7. Arnold FE, Sicree AJ, VanDeusen RL (1974) J Polym Sci 12: 265

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kovar RF, Arnold FE (1974) J Polym Sci 12: 401

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kwolek SL, Morgan PW, Schaefgan JR, Gulrich JR (1977) Marcromolecules 10: 1390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kovar RF, Arnold FE (1976) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 14: 2807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wolfe JF, Arnold FE (1981) Macromolecules 14: 909

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wolfe JF, Arnold FE (1981) Macrcromolecules 14: 915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Choe EW, Kim SN (1981) Macromolecules 14: 920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Allen SR, Filippov AG, Farris RJ, Thomas El, Wong CP, Berry GC, Chenevey EC (1981) Macromolecules 14: 1135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chenevey EC, Helminiak TE (1986) U.S. Pat 4,606,875

    Google Scholar 

  16. Feldman L, Farris RJ, Thomas EL (1985) J Mater Sci 20: 2719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chow AW, Sandell JF, Wolfe JF (1987) Polymer 29: 1307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wolfe JF, Sybert PD, Sybert JR (1985) U.S. Pats 4,533,692, 4,533,693, 4,533,724

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tsai TT, Arnold FE (1989) High Perf Polym 3: 179

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tsai TT, Arnold FE (1988) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 29: 324

    Google Scholar 

  21. Dang TD, Tan LS, Arnold FE (1990) Am Chem Soc Polym Mat Sci Eng Proc 62: 86

    Google Scholar 

  22. Jenekhe SA, Johnson PO (1990) Macromolecules 23: 4419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Allen SR, Farris RJ, Thomas EL (1985) J Mater Sci 20: 2727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chenevey EC, Timmons WD (1989) Matrl Res Soc Symp Proc 134: 245

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lusignea RW (1989) Matrl Res Soc Symp Proc 134: 265

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cohen Y, Thomas EL (1985) Polym Eng Sci 25: 1093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cohen Y, Thomas EL (1988) Macromolecules 21: 433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Allen S (1987) J Mater Sci 22: 853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumar S, Adams WW, Helminiak TE (1988) J Reinforced Plast Comp 7: 108

    Google Scholar 

  30. Berry GC (1985) Mat Sci Eng 52: 82 and references therein

    Google Scholar 

  31. Berry GC, Metzger PC, Venkatraman S, Cotts DB (1979) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 20: 82

    Google Scholar 

  32. Denny LR, Goldfarb IJ, Soloski EJ (1989) Matrl Res Soc Symp Proc 134: 395

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kumar S, Helminiak TE (1989) Matrl Res Soc Symp Proc 134: 363

    Google Scholar 

  34. Allen SR (1987) J Mater Sci 22: 324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Burkett J, Arnold FE (1987) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 28: 2

    Google Scholar 

  36. Arnold FE (1989) Matrl Res Soc Symp Proc 134: 117

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wang CS, Burkett J, Bhattacharya S, Chuah HH, Arnold FE (1989) Proc Am Chem Soc Div Polym Matrl Sci Eng 60: 767

    Google Scholar 

  38. Chuah HH, Tsai TT, Wei KH, Wang CS, Arnold FE (1989) Proc Am Chem Soc Div Polym Matrl Sci Eng 60: 175

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sweeny FW (1992) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 30: 1111

    Google Scholar 

  40. Dang TD, Tan LS, Arnold FE (1990) Proc Am Chem Soc Div Polym Matrl Sci Eng 62: 86

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wang CS, Lee CY-C, Arnold FE (1992) Matrl Res Soc Symp Proc 247: 747

    Google Scholar 

  42. Dang TD, Tan LS, Wei KH, Chuah HH, Arnold FE (1989) Proc Am Chem Soc Div Polym Matrl Sci Eng 60: 424

    Google Scholar 

  43. Dang TD, Arnold FE (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 912

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wallow TI, Novak BM (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 32: 191

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wallow TI, Novak BM (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 908

    Google Scholar 

  46. Harris FW, Chuang CK (1989) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 2, 30: 433

    Google Scholar 

  47. Imai Y, Taoka I, Uno K, Iwakura Y (1965) Makromol Chem 83: 167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Chow AW, Bitler SP, Penwell PE, Osborne DJ, Wolfe JF (1989) Macromolecules 22: 3514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Dotrong M, Tomlinson RC, Sinsky M, Evers RC (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 32: 85

    Google Scholar 

  50. Promislow JH, Samulski ET, Preston J (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 211

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dang TD, Archibald TG, Malik AA, Bonsu FO, Baum K, Tan LS, Arnold FE (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 2, 32: 199

    Google Scholar 

  52. Dotrong M, Dotrong H, Moore GJ, Evers RC (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 32: 201

    Google Scholar 

  53. Adroua NA, Bessenov MI, Louis LA, Rudakoo AP (1970) Polyimdes, Technomic Stanford, CT

    Google Scholar 

  54. Mittal KL (1984) Polyimide, Plenum, NY

    Google Scholar 

  55. Makino H, Kusuki Y, Harada T, Shimazaki H (1993) U.S. Pat 4,370,290

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ohta T, Yanaga Y, Hino S (1984) U.S. Pat 4,438,256

    Google Scholar 

  57. Khune GD (1980) J Macromol Sci Chem 14: 687

    Google Scholar 

  58. Jinda T, Matsuda R, Sakamoto M (1984) Sen Gakkaishi 40: 42

    Google Scholar 

  59. Harris FW, Hsu SLC (1989) High Perf Polym 1: 3

    Google Scholar 

  60. Cheng SZD, Lee SK, Barley JS, Hsu SLC, Harris FW (1991) Macromolecules 24: 1883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Kaneda T, Katsura T, Nakagawa K, Horio M (1986) J Appl Polym Sci 32: 3131

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kaneda T, Katsura T, Nakagawa K, Horio M (1986) J Appl Polym Sci 32: 3151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Cheng SZD, Wu Z, Eashoo M, Hsu SLC, Harris FW (1991) Polymer 32: 1803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Harris FW, Hsu SLC, Tso CC (1990) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 2, 31: 342

    Google Scholar 

  65. Helminiak TE, Benner CL, Husman GE, Arnold FE (1980) U.S. Pat 4,207,407

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hwang WF, Wiff DR, Benner CL, Helminiak TE, (1983) J Macromol Sci Phys 22: 231

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hwang WF, Wiff DR, Benner CL, Helminiak TE, Adams WW (1983) Polym Eng Sci 23: 784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Hwang WF, Wiff DR, Verschoore C (1983) Polym Eng Sci 23: 790

    Google Scholar 

  69. Wellman M, Husman G, Kulshreshtha AK, Helminiak TE, Wiff DR, Benner CL, Hwang WF (1980) Am Chem Soc Div Org Coat Plast Chem 43: 783

    Google Scholar 

  70. Krause SJ, Haddock T, Price GE, Lenhert GP, O'Brien JF, Helminiak TE, Adams WW (1986) J Polym Sci Poym Phys 24: 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Kyu T, Helminiak TE (1987) Polymer 28: 2130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Wang CS, Goldfarb IJ, Helminiak TE (1988) Polymer 29: 825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Hwang WF, Wiff DR, Helminiak TE, Adams WW (1983) Org Coats Appl Polym Sci Proc Am Chem Soc 48: 919

    Google Scholar 

  74. Gabriel CA, Farris RJ, Malone MF (1986) Nonwovens conference 1: 255

    Google Scholar 

  75. Chah HS, Tan LS, Arnold FE (1989) Polym Eng Sci 29: 107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Wallace SJ, Tan LS, Arnold FE (1990) Polymer 31: 2411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Tsai TT, Hwang WF, Arnold FE (1989) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 27: 2839

    Google Scholar 

  78. Krause SJ, Haddock TB, Price GE, Adams WW (1988) Polymer 29: 195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Coopper KL, Arnold FE (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 1006

    Google Scholar 

  80. Dang TD, Evers RC (1988) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 2, 29: 244

    Google Scholar 

  81. Dang TD, Evers RC, Moore DR (1991) J Polym Sci 29: 121

    Google Scholar 

  82. Bai SJ, Dotrong M, Soloski EJ, Evers RC (1991) J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed 29: 121

    Google Scholar 

  83. Dotrong M, Dotrong MH, Bai SJ, Evers RC (1992) Sci Adv Matrls Proc Eng Tech Symp Ser 37: 1004

    Google Scholar 

  84. Dotrong M, Dotrong MH, Bai SJ, Evers RC (1992) SAMPE Ser 37: 1004

    Google Scholar 

  85. Dotrong M, Dotrong MH, Evers RC (1991) Am Chem Soc Div Polym Matrl Sci Eng Prepr 65: 38

    Google Scholar 

  86. Dotrong M, Dotrong MH, Evers RC (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 477

    Google Scholar 

  87. Vakil UM, Wang CS, Lee CY-C, Dotrong MH, Dotrong M, Evers RC (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 479

    Google Scholar 

  88. Song HH, Price GE, Vakil UM, Dotrong MH (1992) Polym Prepr AM Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 319

    Google Scholar 

  89. Trohalaki S, Dudis DS (1992) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 33: 704

    Google Scholar 

  90. Tan LS, Arnod FE (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 32: 636

    Google Scholar 

  91. Lee CY-C, Chen YF, Tam LS, Arnold FE (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 32: 55

    Google Scholar 

  92. Tan LS, Arnold FE (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 32: 51

    Google Scholar 

  93. Tan LS, Jones EG, Soloski EJ, Benner CL, Lee CY-C, Arnold FE (1991) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 1, 32: 53

    Google Scholar 

  94. Tan LS, Arnold FE (1987) Polym Prepr Am Chem Soc Polym Div 2, 28: 316

    Google Scholar 

  95. Serafini TT, Delvigs P, Lightsey GR (1972) J Appl Polym Sci 16: 905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Tan LS, Arnold FE (1988) J Polym Sci Polym Chem 26: 1819

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Paul M. Hergenrother

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Arnold, F.E., Arnold, F.E. (1994). Rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites. In: Hergenrother, P.M. (eds) High Performance Polymers. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 117. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0021201

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0021201

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58238-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48581-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics