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Characterization of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes by Capillary Electrophoretic Methods

  • Chapter
Polyelectrolytes with Defined Molecular Architecture I

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 165))

Abstract

Capillary electrophoresis has widely contributed to the analysis of biological polyelectrolytes like DNA or proteins. Their behavior in the different electrophoretic separation systems is well understood. However, this knowledge is rather limited in the case of synthetic polyelectrolytes. This paper discusses our results on how it is possible to gain information on size, shape, and mobility from capillary electrophoresis experiments. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) is the most valuable method for size characterization of polyelectrolytes. Different separation principles and sieving media are presented and an optimization concept is evaluated. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and capillary isoelectric focussing (cIEF) can be used to study the influence of solvent properties such as ionic strength, buffer pH, and temperature on the size and surface charge of polycations, polybetaines, and polyampholytes in free solution. The pH dependence of the mobility can be used for the determination of charge neutrality of the surface. Systematic variations of structural parameters lead to significant changes in electrophoretic behavior. Even the formation of intermolecular associates is easily detectable by CZE. All results are in good agreement with orthogonal classical polyelectrolyte characterization methods which makes capillary electrophoresis a fast and efficient supplement to established methods.

These results have been reported, in part, at the following international symposia: HPCE 2000 (Saarbruecken, Germany), APCE 2000 (Hongkong, PR China), HPCE 2001 (Boston, MA, USA), ANAKON 2001 (Konstanz, Germany), HPCE 2002 (Stockholm, Sweden), ISC 2002 (Leipzig, Germany)

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Abbreviations

[ η]:

intrinsic viscosity

λ :

detection wavelength

µ, µ 0 :

electrophoretic mobility; mobility in free solution

µ*:

electrophoretic mobility in gel solution related to mobility in free solution

µ r :

electrophoretic mobility related to internal standard

BGE:

background electrolyte

HDB:

hexadimethrine bromide

M:

molecular mass

PSS:

poly(styrenesulfonate)

PVA:

poly(vinyl alcohol)

PVBC:

poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)

p(VPy):

poly(vinylpyridine)

R g :

radius of gyration

R h :

radius of hydration

T :

temperature

U :

applied voltage

c :

concentration

c *:

threshold concentration

m :

size selectivity (in Capillary Gel Electrophoresis)

pI:

isoelectric point

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Acknowledgements

Financial support by the DFG as part of the “Schwerpunkt Polyelektrolyte” is gratefully appreciated (EN 104/14–2). We especially thank the Fraunhofer Institut Angewandte Polymerforschung, Golm, Germany (W. Jaeger, J. Bohrisch, U. Wendler, T. Schimmel, K. Sander) and the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (M. Schmidt, N. Volk, D. Vollmer) for cooperation and providing the polyelectrolyte samples. The results summarized here were extracted from the Ph.D. theses of Harald Clos (1998), Oliver Grosche (2001) and Markus Martin (2003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Instrumental and Environmental Analysis, Saarland University, PO Box 151 150, 66041, Saarbruecken, Germany

    H. Engelhardt & M. Martin

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  1. H. Engelhardt
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  2. M. Martin
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Correspondence to H. Engelhardt .

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Manfred Schmidt

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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Engelhardt, H., Martin, M. (2004). Characterization of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes by Capillary Electrophoretic Methods. In: Schmidt, M. (eds) Polyelectrolytes with Defined Molecular Architecture I. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 165. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b11271

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b11271

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00528-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36433-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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