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Migrant Men in Europe and Beyond: Historical and Sociological Perspectives

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Migration, Masculinities and Reproductive Labour

Part of the book series: Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship ((MDC))

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Abstract

This chapter reviews and discusses existing studies and data on the employment of migrant men in Europe and compares this context with other relevant geopolitical areas such as the USA and Asian countries. It places the analysis of the Italian case within a wider comparative perspective and highlights how the analysis of a specific national context is able to illuminate wider tendencies in the way contemporary changes in welfare and migration regimes intertwine with the gendered globalisation of reproductive labour. The chapter also locates the analysis of migrant men within the literature on the ‘global care chain’ and discusses the relevance of ethnicity to the study of men’s employment in feminised jobs.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Overall, the concept of ‘regime’ addresses the development of a defined set of policies that characterise one state, or a cluster of states, in relation to a specific issue. Williams (2010: 390–1) suggests defining ‘migration regimes’ according to the specific policies adopted to control external borders and regulate internal relations. Although the two levels cannot realistically be separated, ‘external policies’ involve rules of entrance (quotas or other special arrangements), settlement, and naturalisation rights, and the conferring of political, civil, and social rights should be taken into account. In terms of ‘internal policies’, the way in which the majority–minority relation is configured, employment patterns, politics of pluralism, integration or assimilation, or the enactment of potential discriminative laws are relevant criteria that must be taken into account in defining a specific state regime. Care regimes are defined by the degree of involvement of the state in providing and managing care provisions for children and the elderly—by granting maternity/paternity leave, by allowing cash or tax benefits, or by organising home or public services—and/or by the extent to which care is outsourced to the private sector or to voluntary workers (Bettio and Plantenga 2004). This notion has been used also to analyse the specific discursive and normative frameworks surrounding care in different national contexts (Williams 2012).

  2. 2.

    The role of the Catholic Church in channelling migrants into domestic/care services in Italy is discussed in Chap. 4.

  3. 3.

    A similar masculinisation of migration was observed during the 1990s in Spain and Portugal, as the expanding construction sector offered job opportunities for men (Oso and Catarino 2013).

  4. 4.

    The RRP party family is defined by its nationalism (or minority nationalism) and xenophobic positions based on the doctrine of ethnopluralism, its emphasis on society as an organic unity, its anti-globalisation stance, its anti-political establishment populism, a charismatic leadership, and a strong presence in civil society (Zaslove 2004).

  5. 5.

    For a more detailed analysis of the politics of immigration in Italy and Europe, see Chap. 3.

  6. 6.

    These will be discussed in detail in Chap. 3.

  7. 7.

    See Chap. 3 for an analysis of these processes.

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  1. Department of Sociology, Gediz University, Menemen (Izmir), Turkey

    Ester Gallo

  2. Department of Sociology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Francesca Scrinzi

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Gallo, E., Scrinzi, F. (2016). Migrant Men in Europe and Beyond: Historical and Sociological Perspectives. In: Migration, Masculinities and Reproductive Labour. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37978-8_2

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