Abstract
This conclusive chapter returns to reflect on how the various instances discussed insert in the broader neoliberal labour market of the knowledge economy and how these impact a number of aspects—first and foremost, the notion of class. The chapter discusses further implications of this study and particularly looks at what political insights can be taken from the Left in order to interpret how work is evolving within such a changing scenario.
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Notes
- 1.
Mark Granovetter, “The Strenght of Weak Ties,” American Journal of Sociology, 78.6 (1973): 1360- 1380; Mark Granovetter, “Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness,” American Journal of Sociology, 91.3 (1985): 481–510.
- 2.
For recent studies on a potential freelance class, cf. Note 155. For more comprehensive recent research on class, see Guy Standing, “The precariat: The new dangerous class” (A&C Black. 2011) ; Mike Savage, et al., “A new model of social class: Findings from the BBC’s Great British Class Survey experiment,” Sociology 47 (2014): 219–250.
- 3.
Richard Barbrook and Andy Cameron, “The Californian Ideology,” Science as Culture, 6.1 (1996): 44–72.
- 4.
Colin Crouch, The strange non-death of neo-liberalism (Cambridge: Polity, 2011); Evgeni Morozov, “The ‘sharing economy’ undermines workers’ rights,” Financial Times, October 2013, accessed October 28, 2015, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/92c3021c-34c2-11e3-8148-00144feab7de.html#axzz3q9kSLNnY.
- 5.
Andrew Ross, No-collar: The Humane Workplace and Its Hidden Costs (New York: Basic Books, 2004).
- 6.
Paolo Virno, A Grammar of the Multitude (New York/Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), 2004).
- 7.
Jan Pakulski and Malcolm Waters, The Death of Class (London: Sage, 1996).
- 8.
On millennials’ attitudes to work, see Sarah Horowitz and Fabio Rosati, Freelancing in America: A National Survey of the New Workforce (2014), accessed July 29, 2015, http://fu-web-storage-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/content/filer_public/c2/06/c2065a8a-7f00-46db-915a-2122965df7d9/fu_freelancinginamericareport_v3-rgb.pdf.
- 9.
Trebor Scholz, Platform Cooperativism vs. the Sharing Economy, Medium, December 2014, accessed October 28, 2015, https://medium.com/@trebors/platform-cooperativism-vs-the-sharing-economy-2ea737f1b5ad#.ol1angetd.
- 10.
Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (Beacon Press, 2001, first edition 1944).
- 11.
Bob Jessop, “Knowledge as a fictitious commodity: insights and limits of a Polanyian perspective,” in Reading Karl Polanyi for the Twenty-First Century: Market Economy as a Political Project, ed. Ayse Bugra and Kaan Agartan (Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 115–134.
- 12.
Marx, Capital, 606–607.
- 13.
Gary Hall, Ubercapitalism: Neoliberalism, the Sharing Economy, and the Microentrepreneur of the Self (Minnesota University Press, forthcoming).
- 14.
Alex Hern,“Uber driver declared employee as the company loses another ruling,” The Guardian, September 2015, accessed October 28, 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/11/uber-driver-employee-ruling.
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Gandini, A. (2016). Conclusion: The Aftermath of Neoliberalism and the Future of the Left. In: The Reputation Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56107-7_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56107-7_8
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