Abstract
The crushing of the 1956 Hungarian revolution, the shift in Soviet policy after Khrushchev’s rise to power, and the Soviet hydrogen bomb all led to a revised US foreign policy strategy and a new propaganda policy. These major shifts in the international environment caused the Eisenhower Administration in its second term to focus its efforts on causing evolutionary, rather than revolutionary, changes in the Soviet system. The evolutionary approach sought to encourage changes within the Soviet system that would eventually lead to the abandonment of its expansionist policies. In contrast, a revolutionary approach (liberation) would seek to impose change upon the Soviet Union by force. The Eisenhower Administration understood that the evolutionary approach was a long-term strategy, which would take several decades to succeed.
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Notes
Saki Dockrill, “The Eden Plan and European Security” in Gunter Bischof and Saki Dockrill (eds), Cold War Respite: The Geneva Summit of 1955 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2000), pp. 161–89.
Eisenhower’s personal notes on the program of broadcast can be found in the Eisenhower archives and are quoted in E. Bruce Geelhoed and Anthony O. Edmonds, Eisenhower, Macmillan and Allied Unity, 1957–1961 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), pp. 86–7. The quotation is from Ambrose, Eisenhower, p. 492.
Wilson P. Dizard Jr., Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Stoty of the US Information Agency (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004), pp. 71–2.
The history of jazz and rock and roll in the Soviet bloc and its substantial impact on Soviet society is documented in Timothy W. Ryback, Rock Around the Bloc: A History of Rock Music in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) and Olaf Leitner, Rocking the State: Rock Music and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia, (San Francisco: 1994).
Sabrina P. Ramet, (ed.) Rocking the State: Rock Music and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia (San Francisco, CA: Westview Press, 1994), p. 182.
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© 2009 Lowell H. Schwartz
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Schwartz, L.H. (2009). Cultural Infiltration: A New Propaganda Strategy for a New Era of Soviet—West Relations. In: Political Warfare against the Kremlin. Global Conflict and Security since 1945. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230236936_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230236936_8
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