Skip to main content

The Use of Soft Power in Japan’s Foreign Relations

  • Chapter
Japan’s Foreign Policy in the 1990s

Part of the book series: St Antony’s Series ((STANTS))

  • 148 Accesses

Abstract

Japan’s soft power derives from its economic, financial and technological power. Its structural power in the world economy is, for example, illustrated by its status as one of the world’s major importer of raw materials and energy resources, which gives Japan considerable influence on the options and bargaining powers of other countries which are vulnerable to Japan either because they are competing with Japan for the same resources or because they are dependent on the export of these resources. Increasingly Japan is translating this structural power into influence on the shape of the international regimes which are important for free trade and the availability of these resources. So far Japan had relied on the US and other Western powers to secure appropriate regimes, and in the first instance relied on economic measures such as aid and investment to achieve access and secure supply.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 65.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Quoted in: Pyle, Kenneth B., ‘Can Japan lead the international system?’, in: Japan, NAFTA and Europe, Trilateral Cooperation or Confrontation? (London: Macmillan, 1994), p. 236.

    Google Scholar 

  2. For a very up-to-date background on the issue see: Francks, Penny, ‘The origins of agricultural protection in Japan’, Nissan Occasional Papers Series no. 22 (Oxford: Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  3. For background on these issues see: Moore, Richard H., Japanese Agri-culture. Patterns of Rural Development (Boulder: Westview Press, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Helleiner, Eric, ‘States and the future of global finance’, Review of International Studies, 18 (1992). 31–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Reszat, Beate, ‘Wahrungsentwicklung und Währungspolitik in Japan’ (Currency developments and currency policies in Japan), in Pohl, Manfred (ed), Japan 1993/94. Politik und Wirtschaft (Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 1994). 237–57.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Graham, Edward M. and Krugman, Paul R. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1991), p. 24. The following account relies heavily on this book.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Naruse, Tomonori, Britain and the New Europe: Working with Japan. Japanese finance: The European dimension, speech given in November 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Radice, Giles, ‘Labor Party wants Japan’s business’, Japan Times (19 December 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jomo, K.S., Japan and Malaysian Development. In the Shadow of the Rising Sun (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 34–5.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Holstein, William J., The Japanese Power: What it Means for America (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1990). p. 211.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hollerman, Leon, ‘The headquarters nation’, The National Interest (Fall 1991). 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Munday, Max, Japanese Manufacturing Investment in Wales (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1990), p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Moran, Theodore H., ‘Foreign acquisition of critical US industries: Where should the US draw the line?’, The Washington Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2 (Spring 1993), 61–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. For a presentation of various opinions on the dependence of the Amer-ican military on Japanese high technology see: Murayama, Yuzo, High-tech Weapons, Dualuse Technology and Strategic Alliance (Cambridge: Center for International Studies. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  15. The focus is more on civilian industry, as for example in: Seitz, K., Die japanisch—amerikanische Herausforderung (The Japanese—American challenge) (Bonn: Bonn Aktuell, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Yoda, Naoya, ‘Technological innovation and globalization: Technonationalism and Japanese management’, TBR Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 1 (1990), p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gerlach, Michael L., ‘Twilight of the Keiretsu? A critical assessment’, The Journal of Japanese Studies, vol. 18, no. 1 (Winter 1992), 79–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. See also: Milsome, Sue, The Impact of Japanese Firms on Working and Employment Practices (London: Employment Department, March 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  19. For an interesting evaluation of Japanese labour transfer processes in different countries see: Elger, Tony and Smith, Chris (eds), Global Japanization? The Transnational Transformation of the Labour Process (London: Routledge. 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Garrahan, Philip and Stewart, Paul, The Nissan Enigma. Flexibility at Work in a Local Economy (London: Mansell, 1992), p. 116.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hirabayashi, Hiroshi, ‘Atarashii jidai no waga kuni no seifu kaihatsu enjo o motomete’ (Call for governmental development aid in a new era), Gaiko Foramu (February 1995), p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Looking ahead. A Foreign Policy for a Changing World (Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 1993), p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kevenhörster, Paul, ‘Japan als internationaler Akteur: das Instrument der multilateralen Entwicklungshilfe’ (Japan as international actor: the instrument of multilateral development aid), in: Hummel, Hartwig and Drifte, Reinhard (eds), Pax Nipponica? Die Japanisierung der Welt 50 Jahre nach dem Unter-gang des Japanischen Reichs (Pax Nipponica? The Japanization of the world 50 years after the downfall of the Japanese imperium) (Bad Boll: Evangelische Akademie Bad Boll, 1995), p. 76.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Clifford, Bill, ‘Japan presses World Bank on lending’, The Nikkei Weekly (21 March 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Terry, Edith, ‘How Asia got rich: World Bank vs. Japanese industrial policy’, Japan Policy Research Institute Working Paper no. 10 (June 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Nishimura, Kunio, ‘The government’s role in development’, Look Japan (April 1995), 11–13.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rix, Alan, Japan’s Foreign Aid Challenge. Policy Reform and Aid Leader-ship (London: RoutledRe, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Maddock, Rowland T., ‘Japan and global environmental leadership’, Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, vol. xiii, no. 4 (Winter 1994), 21–36.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Maul1, Hanns, ‘Japan’s global environmental policies’, The Pacific Review, vol. 4, no. 3 (1991), 254–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. See: Yasutomo, Dennis, Japan and the Asian Development Bank (New York: Praeger Special Studies, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lincoln, Edward J., Japan’s New Global Role (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1993), pp. 216–19.

    Google Scholar 

  32. See: Chapman, J.W.M., Drifte, R., dow, I.T.M., Japan’s Quest for Comprehensive Security (London: Frances Pinter, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yasutomo, Dennis, The Manner of Giving Strategic Aid and Japanese Foreign Policy (Lexington: Lexington Books. 1986), p. 100.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hanabusa, in: Islam, Shafiqul, Yen for Development. Japanese Foreign Aid and the Politics of Burden-Sharing, p. 98; Takagi, Seiichiro, ‘Human rights in Japanese foreign policy: Japan’s policy towards China after Tiananmen’, in: Tang, James T. H. (ed.), Human Rights and International Relations in the Asia Pacific (London/New York: Pinter, 1995), 97–111.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Kono Yohei, A Path for the Future of Japan’s Foreign Policy (February 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  36. see also the overview of the Japanese discussion about the issue in: Tanaka, Akihiko, ‘Two faces of East Asian security and Japan’s policy’, in: Proceedings of ‘Korean Peninsula Trends and US—Japan-South Korea Relations’ (Washington, DC: The Center for Strategic and International Studies, April 1994), pp. 95–7.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Looking Ahead. A Foreign Policy for a Changing World (Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 1993), p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gelman, Harry, ‘Japan and China as seen from Moscow today’, Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, vol. xiii, no. 4 (Winter 1994), 49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Saito, Yasuhiko, Kokuren no 1503 tsuho tetsuzuki ni tsuite (On the procedure of 1503 in the UN). Horitsu Jippo (November 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Hicks, George, ‘They won’t allow Japan to push the “Comfort Women” aside’, International Herald Tribune (10 February 1993); Korea Times (10 December 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Discussion in the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly in 1976, quoted in: Wakaizumi, Tsutsui, ‘Japan and the Security Council’, in: The Japanese Annual of International Law, no. 26 (1983), p. 21.

    Google Scholar 

  42. See also: Ito, Kenichi, ‘How ought Japan and Europe cope with uni-polarization of US? Meaning of tripolar leadership set up among Japan, US and Europe in age of information revolution’, in: Chuo Koron (July 1991), translated in Summaries of Selected Japanese Magazines (March 1992). Ito argues in the article that Japan has no obligation to participate in UN armed forces as long as it is not accepted as a permanent member of the Security Council.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kono, Yohei, ‘Nihon gaiko no shinro’ (A path for the future of Japan’s foreign policy), Gaiko Foramu (January 1995), pp. 12–19.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Brown, Eugene, ‘The debate over Japan’s strategic future. Bilateralism versus regionalism’, Asian Survey, vol. xxxiii, no. 6 (June 1993), 543–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. See: Kwan, C.H., Economic Interdependence in the Asia Pacific Region (London: Routledge, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Funabashi, Yoichi, Discovery of Asia’, Asahi Evening News (7 February 1992); Frankel, Jeffrey A., ‘Is a yen bloc forming in Pacific Asia?’, The AMEX Bank Review (November 1991), 2–3.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 1996 Reinhard Drifte

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Drifte, R. (1996). The Use of Soft Power in Japan’s Foreign Relations. In: Japan’s Foreign Policy in the 1990s. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372368_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics