Abstract
‘Collusion’ presupposes a direct and explicit agreement and it carries the connotation ofa shabby and secret deal. ‘Tacit understanding’, on the other hand, can issue from mutual mind-reading, leading to awareness that co-operation can work to their mutual advantage but without any direct contact or explicitly formulated plan of action.1
Phénicie et Liban, deux noms d‘un même pays. La Phénicie, c’est la côte libanaise; le Liban, c’est la montagne phénicienne.2
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Notes and References
Avi Shlaim, Collusion across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), p.235.
Le Père Pierre Raphael, Le Cèdre du Liban dans l’Histoire (Beirut: Imprimerie Gedeen, 1924).
Itamar Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon, 1970–1985, revised edition (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986), p.21.
Iliya Harik, Politics and Change in a Traditional Society: Lebanon 1711–1845 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968), p. 128.
Treaty of 26 March 1920, S25/9907, Central Zionist Archives (CZA). See also Benny Morris, ‘Israel and the Lebanese Phalange: The Birth of a Relationship 1948–1951’, Studies in Zionism,Vol. 5, No. 1, 1984, p. 129. See also
Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, ‘Desperate Diplomacy: The Zionist-Maronite Treaty of 1946’, Studies in Zionism, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1992, p. 150.
Neil Caplan, Futile Diplomacy, Vol. I (London: Frank Cass, 1983), p.68. See also Treaty of 26 March 1920, S25/9907, CZA.
Ibid.
Ian Black, Zionism and the Arabs, 1936–1939 (London: Garland Publishing, 1986), pp.273–4. One of the most spectacular sales was that of land in the Huleh Valley. The reclamation concession was held by Salim Salaam, who had sold it to the Zionists in 1934. His son Saeb Salaam continued this family policy, assuming a political position in order to facilitate the sale of three family-owned villages on the extreme south of Lebanon to the Jews. OSS Report 7833, 15 October 1943, R-SM, RG 84, 165, 208, 319, Scattered Beirut regional Files 1930–49, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
Eliyakim Rubinstein, ‘Zionist Attitudes in the Arab-Jewish Dispute to 1936’, The Jerusalem Quarterly, No. 22, Winter 1982, p.134.
Ibid, p. 136.
Jacques Reinich, Bashir Gemayel Ve Tkufato (Bashir Gemayel and his Era), unpublished PhD thesis, Tel Aviv University, September 1988, p.75.
E. Epstein, Report of visit to Syria and Lebanon, October 1934, S25/10225, CZA.
Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel’s Secret Wars (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1991), p.64.
Victor Jacobson, Report on a Trip to Eretz-Israel and Syria, 12 May 1933, Weizmann Archives. See also
Neil Caplan and Ian Black, ‘Israel and Lebanon: Origins of a Relationship’, Jerusalem Quarterly, No. 27, Spring, 1983, pp.48–58.
Elath as quoted in Moshe Sharett, Yoman Ishi (Personal Diary), Vol. III (Tel Aviv: Sifriyat Maariv, 1972), p.216. See also Shertok to Weizmann, 2 October 1936, S25/1716, CZA.
E. Epstein’s Account of Meeting between Dr. Chaim Weizmann and Emile Eddé, 22 June 1937, Eliahu Elath, Zionism and the Arabs, p.311; see also Yehoshua Porath, ‘History of Friendship’, The Jerusalem Post, 22 May 1981.
Eliahu Sasson, Ba Derekh el HaShalom (On the Road to Peace) (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1978), pp. 116–22. See also Caplan, Futile Diplomacy, Vol. 1, p.254. Al-Ahdab was Prime Minister from March 1937 to March 1938, under the Presidency of Emile Eddé.
Le Manifeste de l’Association des Partis Libanais Antisionistes, 9 November 1945, FM 2567/2, Israel State Archives (ISA). See also Barry Rubin, The Arab States and the Palestine Conflict (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press 1981), p. 139.
Rapport Concernant Le Liban présenté aux Membres de l’O.N.U. par Monseigneur Ignace Mobarak, Archevêque Maronite de Beyrouth, undated, FM 2563/23, ISA. This action caused Arida to condemn Mubarak publicly and distance himself from the archbishop. It has even been claimed that Mubarak was reprimanded by the patriarch, relieved of his duties and exiled to a monastery. William Haddad, ‘Christian-Arab Attitudes towards the Arab-Israeli Conflict’, Muslim World, 65:2, 1977, pp. 129–30. See also
A.H. Cohen, Israel and the Arab World (New York: W.H. Allen, 1970), p.377.
Michael Bar Zohar, Ben Gurion (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1977), p.91.
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© 1998 Kirsten E. Schulze
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Schulze, K.E. (1998). The Idea of an Alliance: Israeli—Maronite Relations, 1920s–1948. In: Israel’s Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372474_2
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