Abstract
Tolkien’s literary career spans almost sixty years, from shortly after the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, when he was twenty-two, until shortly before his death in 1973. Roughly the middle third of his creative life (1937–55) is dominated by the composition of The Lord of the Rings. But the first third was a period of apprenticeship, of scholarly eminence and literary obscurity. Tolkien’s most influential contributions to scholarship and criticism — notably the edition (with E. V. Gordon) of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and the essay on Beowulf — date from this period, and the essays ‘On Fairy Stories’ and ‘On Translating Beowulf’ followed only a little later. The only literary compositions to achieve publication before 1937 were a handful of poems, printed in obscure magazines: one, ‘Goblin Feet’, which Tolkien came to dislike intensely for its prettified and diminutive ‘fairy’ imagery,1 appeared in a couple of anthologies in the early twenties.
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Notes
LT1, p. 32. The poem is in Oxford Poetry 1915 (B. H. Blackwell, 1915), and is reprinted as an Appendix in J. S. Ryan (ed.), Tolkien: Cult or Culture? (University of New England Press, 1969), p. 209. Carpenter (J. R. R.Tolkien:A Biography, pp. 74–5) and Shippey (The Road to Middle-earth, p. 23) quote the first stanza only.
A. N. Wilson, C. S. Lewis:A Biography (Collins, 1990), p. 117.
See The Lost Road and OtherWritings, Unwin Hyman, 1987, pp. 36–104, especially the two chapters dominated by somewhat intense, and learned, discourse between Oswin and Alboin Errol (pp. 36–53).
See pp. 178–92 below. For a different, but in its own terms lucid and persuasive, analysis of the creation symbolism of The Silmarillion as the key to much of Tolkien’s work, see V. Flieger, Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien’s World (Kent State University Press, 2002).
For a much more sympathetic analysis of this work and its predecessor ‘The Lost Road’ see V. Flieger, A Question of Time: J. R. R. Tolkien’s Road to Fatirie (Kent State University Press, 1997).
G. Russom, ‘Tolkien’s Versecraft in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, in G. Clark and D. Timmons (eds.), J. R. R. Tolkien and His Literary Resonances (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), pp. 53–69.
J. R. R.Tolkien, The Father Christmas Letters, ed. BaillieTolkien (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1976).
J. R. R. Tolkien, Roverandom, ed. C. Scull and W. C. Hammond (London: HarperCollins, 1998). The Introduction and Notes by Scull and Hammond are excellent and I am indebted to them.
George Eliot, Middlemarch, 1871–72, chapter 15 (Penguin edition, ed. R. Ashton, 1994, p. 141).
John Fowles, The French Lieutenant’sWoman, 1969 (Panther Books, 1977, pp. 15–16).
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© 2003 Brian Rosebury
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Rosebury, B. (2003). Fiction and Poetry, 1914–73. In: Tolkien. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230599987_4
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