Abstract
When Bosnia’s war ended in 1995, many observers and policymakers—both foreign and domestic —believed that the key to building a durable peace lay in creating a democratic political system. Electoral competition, it was argued, would act as a moderating force on the ethnonationalist parties that had led Bosnia into war.
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Notes
Carl Bildt, Peace Journey: The Struggle for Peace in Bosnia (London: George Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1999), 254.
International Crisis Group, Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, ICG Report no. 16, 22 September 1996, 13.
International Crisis Group, Doing Democracy a Disservice: 1998 Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, September 9, 1998, 12.
On the importance of studying not only what are the most desirable institutions in a given context but what are the most likely institutions to be chosen by political actors, see Timothy Sisk’s discussion of the South African transition. Sisk, Democratization in South Africa: The Elusive Social Contract (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995).
International Crisis Group report, “Bosnia’s November Elections: Dayton Stumbles,” December 8, 2000, 1.
See OSCE, Electoral Administration Supervisory Commission Decisions, available for each year from 1996–2001 at the OSCE archive, Sarajevo.
Author interviews, U.S. embassy personnel, Sarajevo, May 2001; See also Carrie Manning, “Elections and Political Change in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina,” Democratization 11, no. 2 (April 2004): 60–86.
See for example International Crisis Group, War Criminals in Bosnia-Herzegovina’s Republika Srpska: Who are the People in Your Neighborhood? Europe Report No. 103, November 2, 2000.
Dragan Stanimirovic, “Nationalist Parties Confirm their Dominance in Bosnia’s Local Elections, but a Moderate Party in RS Makes Significant Gains,” Transitions Online, October 4, 2004. Available at http://www.tol.cz/.
Interview with Nerzuk Curak, BiH Dani, October 5, 2006.
International Crisis Group, Changing Course: Implications of the Divide in Bosnian Croat Politics, Europe Report No. 39, August 13, 1998.
See International Crisis Group, Changing Course: Implications of the Divide in Bosnian Croat Politics, Europe Report No. 39, August 13, 1998.
International Crisis Group, Bosnia’s November Elections: Dayton Stumbles, Report No. 104, December 18, 2000, 4.
For accounts of this episode, see for example Roy Gutman, “Bank Job in a Battle Zone,” Newsweek, April 30, 2001;
OHR, Decision of the High Representative, March 7, 2001.
Dragan Stanimirovic, “Nationalist Parties Confirm their Dominance in Bosnia’s Local Elections, but a Moderate Party in RS Makes Significant Gains,” Transitions Online, October 4, 2004.
See Tim Judah, The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia (New Haven, CT: Yale Nota Bene, 2000).
This section is drawn from Carrie Manning, “Elections and Political Change in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina,” Democratization 11, no. 2 (April 2004): 60–86.
For details, see International Crisis Group, Implementing Equality: The ‘Constituent Peoples’ Decision in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Balkans Report no. 128, (16 April 2002).
Office of the High Representative, “Decision Removing Dr. Dragan Kalinic from his Positions as Chairman of the RSNA and as President of the SDS,” June 29, 2004.
Agence France Presse, “International Envoy Lifts Freeze on Funding for Serb Nationalist Party,” October 28, 2005.
Nina Casperson, “Contingent Nationalist Dominance: Intra-Serb Challenges to the Serb Democratic Party,” Nationalities Papers 34, no. 1 (2006): 64.
See ICG, Bosnia’s November Elections: Dayton Stumbles, Report No. 104, December 18, 2000;
ICG, Bosnia’s Municipal Elections 2000: Winners and Losers, Report No. 91, April 27, 2000;
ICG, Republika Srpska—Poplasen, Brcko, and Kosovo: Three Crises and Out? Report No. 62, April 6, 1999;
ICG, The Wages of Sin: Confronting Bosnia’s Republika Srpska, Report No. 118, October 8, 2001.
Other accounts of Serb politics in Bosnia are in Robert Thomas, Serbia under Milosevic: Politics in the 1990s (London: Hurst and Company, 1999),
Tim Judah, The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia (New Haven, CT: Yale/Nota Bene, 2000).
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© 2008 Carrie Manning
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Manning, C. (2008). Bosnia: HDZ, SDS, and the Three-Level Game. In: The Making of Democrats. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230611160_4
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