Abstract
Effective institutionalization of the participation by subnational governments in international decision-making on sustainable development is a complex process. Declaring these decision-making processes ‘open’ to such participation is but the first and easiest step, although it may be the result of a long and contentious struggle between the various actors involved. Four sets of factors are crucial in shaping the process of institutionalization of subnational involvement, namely the adequacy of the institutional design, the polítical willingness of national actors to take subnational involvement seriously, the horizontal relationships between subnational actors, and the capacities of subnational actors to take advantage of the opportunities to participate in these new arenas.
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© 2012 Kenneth Hanf and Francesc Morata
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Hanf, K., Morata, F. (2012). Spanish Subnational Involvement in Multi-Level Sustainable Development Issues. In: Bruyninckx, H., Happaerts, S., Van den Brande, K. (eds) Sustainable Development and Subnational Governments. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137005427_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137005427_8
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