Spain: The Persistence of Territorial Cleavages and Centralism of the Popular Party

Abstract

For most of its history, Spain has been a highly centralized unitary state that has not recognized the country’s regional diversity. The complex process of regionalization began 35 years ago, in 1978, with the proclamation of the Spanish Constitution, which recognized the ‘right to autonomy of the nationalities and regions which make up the Spanish state’ (Art. 2). Currently, Spain is one of the most decentralized countries in Europe. Regional governments account for almost 40 per cent of public spending while central government is responsible for only 20 per cent. As of 2012 the regions have more than 50 per cent of income tax at their disposal.