Skip to main content

“Weekend-Families” of Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon

  • Chapter
Migrant Domestic Workers and Family Life

Part of the book series: Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series ((MDC))

  • 300 Accesses

Abstract

Tripoli, Lebanon, June 2010: It is a typical Sunday afternoon at the Tripoli mall in North Lebanon. Most shops are closed, except for a few odd cafés where one can buy coffee and surf on the Internet. What is curious is the complete absence of Lebanese shoppers. All one can see are Filipino women, dressed up in their Sunday best. Some are smoking, others are sipping coffee and exchanging photographs of their children. All corners of the mall, the stairways and corridors are filled with laughter, smoke and conversation. This mall is the Filipino women’s usual hangout with their “weekend-families”. There is little activity in the streets outside the mall. The hot and sultry afternoon is time for most to take their afternoon siesta. But the story is somewhat different on the balconies above the street. Women — Black African women — are sweeping and banging dust out of carpets. Each one takes a pause between their cleaning, to lean over the railings and converse with other women on balconies of neighboring buildings. These balconies are their usual hangout with their “weekend-families”. These, what I have termed, weekend-families, forged by the women, are not consanguinal but based on shared occupation, a shared sense of isolation and sometimes, common nationality, ethnicity and place of residence. These families are very often temporal in nature; their structure is shaped by the mobility of the migrant workers, and their maintenance dependent on the sporadic meetings of the women over the weekends. Yet, as this chapter demonstrates, these familial ties are vital for the life and work of the migrant domestic workers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, K. M. 2000. “Introduction”, in K. Adams and S. Dickey (eds), Home and Hegemony: Domestic Service and Identity Politics in South and Southeast Asia, 1–29. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcid, M. L. 1994. “Legal and Organizational Support Mechanisms for Foreign Domestic Workers”, in N. Heyzer, G. Lycklama a Nijehold, and N. Weerakoon (eds), The Trade in Domestic Workers: Causes, Mechanisms, and Consequences of International Migration, 161–177. London: Zed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. 1999. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B. 2000. Doing the Dirty Work: The Global Politics of Domestic Labour. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyene, J. 2005. Women, Migration, and Housing: A Case Study of Three Households of Ethiopian and Eritrean Female Migrant Workers in Beirut and Naba’a. MA Thesis, Department of Architecture and Design, American University of Beirut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chavez, L. R. 1991. “Outside the Imagined Community: Undocumented Settlers and Experiences of Incorporation”, American Ethnologist, 18 (2): 257–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, C. 1998. In Service and Servitude: Foreign Female Domestic Workers and the Malaysian “Modernity” Project. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Constable, N. 1997. Maid to Order in Hong Kong: Stories of Filipina Workers. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danis, D. 2007. “A Faith that Binds: Iraqi Christian Women on the Domestic Service Ladder of Istanbul”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33: 601–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deeb, L. 2006. An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi’i Lebanon. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebaugh, H. R. and Curry, M. 2000. “Fictive Kin as Social Capital in New Immigrant Communities”, Sociological Perspectives, 43 (2): 189–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans-Pritchard, D. 2002. “Temporary Permanence: Cultural Dimensions of Sri Lankan Migrant Worker Community in Lebanon”, Unpublished paper, International Programs and Exchanges, University of the District of Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamburd, M. R. 2000. The Kitchen Spoons Handle: Transnationalism and Sri Lankan Migrant Housemaids. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, L. 1994. Precarious Dependencies: Gender, Class and Domestic Service in Bolivia. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, E. N. 1983. “Split Household, Small Producer and Dual Wage Earner: An Analysis of Chinese-American Family Strategies”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45: 35–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamill, K. 2011. “Trafficking of Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon: A Legal Analysis by Kafa: (Enough) Violence and Exploitation”. Available at: http://www2.ohchr.org, accessed August 5, 2011.

  • Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. 1994. “Regulating the Unregulated? Domestic Workers’ Social Networks”, Social Problems, 41: 50–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, S. 1999. “Spaces at the Margins: Migrant Domestic Workers and the Development of Civil Society in Singapore”, Environment and Planning, 31: 1149–1167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch. 2009. “Slow Movement: Protection of Migrant Rights in 2009”, December. Available at: http://www.hrw.org, accessed July 20, 2011.

  • Human Rights Watch. 2010. “Without Protection: How the Lebanese Justice Systems Fails Migrant Domestic Workers”, September. Available at: http://www.hrw.org, accessed July 20, 2011.

  • Jureidini, R. 2002. “Women Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon”, International Labour Office, International Migration Programme No. 48 (June 2002). Available at: http://www.ilo.org, accessed July 20, 2011.

  • Jureidini, R. 2009. “In the Shadows of Family Life: Towards a History of Domestic Service in Lebanon”, Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, 5 (3): 74–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kibria, N. 1993. Family Tightrope: The Changing Lives of Vietnamese Americans. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, E. C. 2009. “ ‘Mama’s Family’: Fictive Kinship and Undocumented Immigrant Restaurant Workers”, Ethnography, 10: 497–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lan P-C. 2003. “Negotiating Social Boundaries and Private Zones: The Micropolitics of Employing Migrant Domestic Workers”, Social Problems, 50: 525–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H. Y. 2009. Maid, Mother, or Whore: The Power of Filipina Women in Lebanese Homes. MA thesis, Faculty of Art and Sciences, American University of Beirut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebow, E. 1967. Tally’s Corner. A Study of Negro Streetcorner Men. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Migrant Forum Asia. 2012. “The Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Children in the Context of International Migration”. Available at: www.ohchr.org/, accessed July 20, 2011.

  • Moukarbel, N. 2009. Sri Lankan Housemaids in Lebanon: A Case of “Symbolic Violence” & “Everyday Forms of Resistances.” Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, P. 1989. Domesticity and Dirt: Housewives and Domestic Servants in the United States: 1920–1945. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pande, A. 2012. “From ‘Balcony Talk’ and ‘Practical Prayers’ to Illegal Collectives: Migrant Domestic Workers and Meso-Level of Resistances in Lebanon”, Gender and Society, 26 (3): 382–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parreñas, R. S. 2001a. Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration and Domestic Work. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parreñas, R. S. 2001b. “Transgressing the Nation-State: The Partial Citizenship and ‘Imagined (Global) Community’ of Migrant Filipina Domestic Workers”, Signs, 26 (4) Globalization and Gender: 1129–1154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raijman, R., Schammah-Gesser, S. and Kemp, A. 2003. “International Migration, Domestic Work, and Care Work: Undocumented Latina Migrants in Israel”, Gender & Society, 17: 727–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rollins, J. 1985. Between Women: Domestics and Their Employers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stack, C. 1974. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J. B. 2004. Money Makes Us Relatives: Women’s Labor in Urban Turkey 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeoh, B. and S. Huang, S. 1998. “Negotiating Public Space: Strategies and Styles of Migrant Female Domestic Workers in Singapore”, Urban Studies, 35: 583–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. 1999. “Migrant Workers in Lebanon”, Lebanon NGO Forum. Available at: http://www.lnf.org.lb/, accessed July 21, 2011.

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Amrita Pande

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pande, A. (2015). “Weekend-Families” of Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon. In: Kontos, M., Bonifacio, G.T. (eds) Migrant Domestic Workers and Family Life. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137323552_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics