Representation Formats

Abstract

Diplomatic networks of developing countries are undergoing modest expansion while those of the Western world have shrunk as a consequence of public spending cuts. Consulates are a representation format that has its own characteristics; trade offices are another vital option. The greater transformation is in the use of alternate formats, including non-resident ambassadors (we compare this with ‘concurrent accreditation’); joint embassies; co-location and lean missions; use of ‘hub’ embassies and ‘virtual’ posts; and the use of honorary consuls. Developing countries need to consider these options more actively. Other new methods include use of ‘swarming’ and building diplomatic and development administration reserves. Outsourcing is another option that has been used in different situations. Reciprocity is a factor in determining where embassies are opened, but sometimes it is deliberately ignored. Another issue is the enforcement of discipline, especially to deal with errant behavior, and on the other side of the coin, encouraging excellence.