Abstract
While the WTO and the IMF are the predominant international institutions in the issue-areas of international trade and monetary cooperation, respectively, there is no equivalently predominant institution in the issue-area of development. The role of international organizations (IOs) in development can be divided into three rough categories: development lending, development assistance, and development discourse. This chapter examines leading institutions in each of these three categories: the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD), respectively.
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Notes
World Bank Group, The World Bank Annual Report 2002, vol. 1, Year in Review (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002), pp. 8–9.
See, for example, Martha Finnemore, National Interests in International Society (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996).
On the Bank’s efforts on the environment, see Tamar L. Gutner, Banking on the Environment: Multilateral Development Banks and Their Environmental Performance in Central and Eastern Europe (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002).
See, for example, World Bank, 10 Things You Never Knew About the World Bank (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002).
See, for example, World Bank, Making Sustainable Commitments: An Environment Strategy for the World Bank (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001). On the mixed suc-cess of these efforts, see Gutner, Banking on the Environment.
For an example of this criticism from an environmental perspective, see Bruce Rich, Mortgaging the Earth: The World Bank, Environmental Impoverishment, and the Crisis of Development (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1994).
See, for example, Finnemore, National Interests, and Daniel Nielson and Michael Tierney, “Delegation to International Organizations: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform,” International Organization 57 (2003): 241–276.
For a discussion of the rise and fall of the NIEO, see Stephen Krasner, Structural Conflict: The Third World against Global Liberalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
The primary process for doing this is through the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF). For details about this program, see United Nations Development Assistance Framework, UNDAF Guidelines (New York: United Nations, 1999).
As of 2000. The five countries were Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and Luxembourg. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 202.
See, for example, United Nations Development Programme, “International Institutions Need Injection of Democracy,” Human Development Report 2002 News Release E-3, July 24 (Manila: UNDP, 2002).
United Nations General Assembly, Resolution 55/2: United Nations Millennium Declaration (New York: UN, 2000).
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© 2006 J. Samuel Barkin
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Barkin, J.S. (2006). Development. In: International Organization: Theories and Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403983237_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403983237_10
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