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Mammary gland development in heifers under different metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy ratios

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Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production

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Abstract

Mammary development is affected by nutrient intake, which affects the intensity of weight gain. There are several ways to evaluate mammary development, but almost all involve the slaughter of the animals. On other hand, other studies have been conducted with ultrasound to evaluate fat deposition on lean tissue (Wertz et al., 2002). This experiment was designed to evaluate dry matter intake, performance, and mammary gland development in Holstein heifers under different metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy ratios.

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References

  • National Research Council (NRC). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

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  • Nishimura, M.;Yoshida, T; EL-khodery, S.; Miyoshi, M.; Furuoka H.; Yasuda, J. and Miyahara, K., 2011. Ultrasound Imaging of Mammary Glands in Dairy Heifers at Different Stages of Growth. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 73(1): 19–24.

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  • Wertz, A. E., Berger, L. L., Walker, P. M., Faulkner, D. B., McKeith, F. K. and Rodriguez-Zas, S. L, 2002. Early-weaning and post weaning nutritional management affect feedlot performance, carcass merit, and the relationship of 12th-rib fat, marbling score, and feed efficiency among Angus and Wagyu heifers. J ANIM SCI, 80:28–37.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil

    R. L. Albino, M. I. Marcondes, T. E. da Silva & A. S. Trece

  2. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil

    B. C. Gomes & L. G. R. Pereira

Authors
  1. R. L. Albino
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  2. M. I. Marcondes
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  3. B. C. Gomes
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  4. L. G. R. Pereira
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  5. T. E. da Silva
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  6. A. S. Trece
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. I. Marcondes .

Editor information

James W. Oltjen Ermias Kebreab Hélène Lapierre

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© 2013 Wageningen Academic Publishers The Netherlands

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Albino, R.L., Marcondes, M.I., Gomes, B.C., Pereira, L.G.R., da Silva, T.E., Trece, A.S. (2013). Mammary gland development in heifers under different metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy ratios. In: Oltjen, J.W., Kebreab, E., Lapierre, H. (eds) Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, vol 134. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_26

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