Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification of proteins which acts as a key regulator of their function as well as fate. We have recently reported transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced activation of non-Smad signaling responses through a specific Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TGFβ type I receptor and TGFβ-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) that are utilized to specify cellular responses in cancer cells. This chapter gives a brief introduction of the biological importance of ubiquitination of proteins, the methods we have used for detecting new partners in the TGFβ signaling pathway and for performing ubiquitination assays.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hochstrasser M (2009) Origin and function of ubiquitin-like proteins. Nature 458(7237):422–429, PMCID: 2819001
Hershko A, Ciechanover A, Rose IA (1981) Identification of the active amino acid residue of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent protein breakdown. J Biol Chem 256(4):1525–1528
Wertz IE, Dixit VM (2010) Signaling to NF-kappaB: regulation by ubiquitination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2(3):a003350, PMCID: 2829959
Landstrom M (2010) The TAK1-TRAF6 signalling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 42(5):585–589
Ciechanover A, Heller H, Elias S, Haas AL, Hershko A (1980) ATP-dependent conjugation of reticulocyte proteins with the polypeptide required for protein degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77(3):1365–1368, PMCID: 348495
Hershko A, Ciechanover A, Heller H, Haas AL, Rose IA (1980) Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: conjugation of protein with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77(4):1783–1786, PMCID: 348591
Goldstein G, Scheid M, Hammerling U, Schlesinger DH, Niall HD, Boyse EA (1975) Isolation of a polypeptide that has lymphocyte-differentiating properties and is probably represented universally in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72(1):11–15, PMCID: 432229
Hershko A, Ciechanover A (1998) The ubiquitin system. Annu Rev Biochem 67:425–479
Haglund K, Dikic I (2005) Ubiquitylation and cell signaling. EMBO J 24(19):3353–3359, PMCID: 1276169
Haglund K, Di Fiore PP, Dikic I (2003) Distinct monoubiquitin signals in receptor endocytosis. Trends Biochem Sci 28(11):598–603
Emmerich CH, Schmukle AC, Walczak H (2011) The emerging role of linear ubiquitination in cell signaling. Sci Signal 4(204):re5
Pickart CM, Fushman D (2004) Polyubiquitin chains: polymeric protein signals. Curr Opin Chem Biol 8(6):610–616
Heldin CH, Landstrom M, Moustakas A (2009) Mechanism of TGF-beta signaling to growth arrest, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Curr Opin Cell Biol 21(2):166–176
Massague J (2008) TGFbeta in cancer. Cell 134(2):215–230, PMCID: 3512574
Moustakas A, Heldin CH (2005) Non-Smad TGF-beta signals. J Cell Sci 118(Pt 16):3573–3584
Mu Y, Gudey SK, Landstrom M (2012) Non-Smad signaling pathways. Cell Tissue Res 347(1):11–20
Roberts AB (1999) TGF-beta signaling from receptors to the nucleus. Microbes Infect 1(15):1265–1273
Derynck R, Zhang YE (2003) Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature 425(6958):577–584
Wakefield LM, Roberts AB (2002) TGF-beta signaling: positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 12(1):22–29
Sorrentino A, Thakur N, Grimsby S, Marcusson A, von Bulow V, Schuster N et al (2008) The type I TGF-beta receptor engages TRAF6 to activate TAK1 in a receptor kinase-independent manner. Nat Cell Biol 10(10):1199–1207
Yamashita M, Fatyol K, Jin C, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang YE (2008) TRAF6 mediates Smad-independent activation of JNK and p38 by TGF-beta. Mol Cell 31(6):918–924, PMCID: 2621323
Ebisawa T, Fukuchi M, Murakami G, Chiba T, Tanaka K, Imamura T et al (2001) Smurf1 interacts with transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor through Smad7 and induces receptor degradation. J Biol Chem 276(16):12477–12480
Koinuma D, Shinozaki M, Komuro A, Goto K, Saitoh M, Hanyu A et al (2003) Arkadia amplifies TGF-beta superfamily signalling through degradation of Smad7. EMBO J 22(24):6458–6470, PMCID: 291827
Hu D, Wan Y (2011) Regulation of Kruppel-like factor 4 by the anaphase promoting complex pathway is involved in TGF-beta signaling. J Biol Chem 286(9):6890–6901, PMCID: 3044944
De Boeck M, ten Dijke P (2012) Key role for ubiquitin protein modification in TGFbeta signal transduction. Ups J Med Sci 117(2):153–165, PMCID: 3339547
Ozdamar B, Bose R, Barrios-Rodiles M, Wang HR, Zhang Y, Wrana JL (2005) Regulation of the polarity protein Par6 by TGFbeta receptors controls epithelial cell plasticity. Science 307(5715):1603–1609
Mu Y, Sundar R, Thakur N, Ekman M, Gudey SK, Yakymovych M et al (2011) TRAF6 ubiquitinates TGFbeta type I receptor to promote its cleavage and nuclear translocation in cancer. Nat Commun 2:330, PMCID: 3113296
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Susanne Grimsby, Alessandro Sorrentino, Reshma Sundar, and Noopur Thakur for their contributions to the original research. We thank Carl-Henrik Heldin and our colleges at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala Branch, for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, the Torsten and Ragnar Söderbergs Foundation, Umeå University, Cancer Research Foundation Norrland and a regional agreement between Umeå University and Västerbotten County Council on cooperation in the field of Medicine, Odontology and Health (ALF).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Gudey, S.K., Landström, M. (2016). The Role of Ubiquitination to Determine Non-Smad Signaling Responses. In: Feng, XH., Xu, P., Lin, X. (eds) TGF-β Signaling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1344. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2966-5_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2966-5_23
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2965-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2966-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols