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Ecotoxicological Characterization of Surfactants and Mixtures of Them

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Toxicity and Biodegradation Testing

Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ((MIPT))

Abstract

Surfactants are a wide group of chemical compounds, which have a large number of applications in agricultural, industrial, commercial, and household applications. Due to their extensive applicability, surfactants are usually found not only in wastewaters but also in natural waters at significant concentrations. Depending on the concentration in the aquatic environment, surfactants can be toxic for some living microorganisms. The adsorption of surfactants causes the depolarization of the cellular membranes and can cause acute and chronic effects on sensitive organisms through different nonspecific modes of action. Therefore, an ecotoxicological study of surfactants is needed to establish safe concentrations for the environment and compare with predicted or measured environmental concentrations. This chapter will gather the methods used to determine the ecotoxicity of surfactants as well as it will address the potential toxic effects of surfactants (including anionic, nonionic, and cationic) on representative organisms from different trophic levels. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in the study of the environmental properties of surfactant mixtures due to their co-occurrence in wastewaters and natural environments; therefore, this chapter will also address the synergistic/antagonistic effects on the toxicity of mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Finally, some challenges in the analytical procedures are fronted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Francisco Ríos, Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga, Manuela Lechuga & Mercedes Fernández-Serrano

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  1. Francisco Ríos
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  2. Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga
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  3. Manuela Lechuga
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  4. Mercedes Fernández-Serrano
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Correspondence to Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ederio Dino Bidoia

  2. Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Renato Nallin Montagnolli

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Ríos, F., Fernández-Arteaga, A., Lechuga, M., Fernández-Serrano, M. (2018). Ecotoxicological Characterization of Surfactants and Mixtures of Them. In: Bidoia, E., Montagnolli, R. (eds) Toxicity and Biodegradation Testing. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7425-2_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7425-2_16

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