Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins are essential vehicles of lipid distribution for cellular energy and structural requirements as well as for excretion of lipid excess. Imbalances in lipoprotein metabolism are known to contribute to metabolic diseases ranging from vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis to obesity and diabetes. The lipid and protein cargo carried by lipoprotein subclasses have long been the focus of studies exploring the contribution of plasma lipoproteins in health and in metabolic disorders. More recent studies have revealed the presence of noncoding RNA as a new form of cargo carried by plasma lipoproteins. Lipoprotein-associated microRNAs have been identified to distribute differentially among plasma lipoprotein subclasses and contribute to cellular signaling. These findings highlight plasma lipoprotein-associated RNA as a potential source of biological signaling and warrant a renewed interest in the study of plasma lipoprotein biology. This chapter describes principles and methods based on density ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography for the isolation of plasma lipoproteins as a source of extracellular RNA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Havel RJ, Kane JP (2001) Introduction: structure and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, Childs B, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (eds) The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 2705–2716
Mahley RW, Huang Y, Rall SC Jr (1999) Pathogenesis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia): questions, quandaries, and paradoxes. J Lipid Res 40:1933–1949
Swirski FK, Libby P, Aikawa E, Alcaide P, Luscinskas FW, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ (2007) Ly-6Chi monocytes dominate hypercholesterolemia-associated monocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata. J Clin Invest 117:195–205
Tall AR, Yvan-Charvet L, Terasaka N, Pagler T, Wang N (2008) HDL, ABC transporters, and cholesterol efflux: implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 7:365–375
Murphy AJ, Westerterp M, Yvan-Charvet L, Tall AR (2012) Anti-atherogenic mechanisms of high density lipoprotein: effects on myeloid cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:513–521
Barter PJ, Nicholls S, Rye KA, Anantharamaiah GM, Navab M, Fogelman AM (2004) Antiinflammatory properties of HDL. Circ Res 95:764–772
Nofer J-R, van der Giet M, Tölle M, Wolinska I, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Baba HA, Tietge UJ, Gödecke A, Ishii I, Kleuser B et al (2004) HDL induces NO-dependent vasorelaxation via the lysophospholipid receptor S1P3. J Clin Invest 113:569–581
Tao R, Hoover HE, Honbo N, Kalinowski M, Alano CC, Karliner JS, Raffai R (2010) High-density lipoprotein determines adult mouse cardiomyocyte fate after hypoxia-reoxygenation through lipoprotein-associated sphingosine 1-phosphate. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298:H1022–H1028
Vickers KC, Palmisano BT, Shoucri BM, Shamburek RD, Remaley AT (2011) MicroRNAs are transported in plasma and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins. Nat Cell Biol 13:423–433
Tabet F, Vickers KC, Cuesta Torres LF, Wiese CB, Shoucri BM, Lambert G, Catherinet C, Prado-Lourenco L, Levin MG, Thacker S et al (2014) HDL-transferred microRNA-223 regulates ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Nat Commun 5:3292
Havel RJ, Eder HA, Bragdon JH (1955) The distribution and chemical composition of ultracentrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum. J Clin Invest 34:1345–1353
Gaudreault N, Kumar N, Posada JM, Stephens KB, Reyes de Mochel NS, Eberle D, Olivas VR, Kim RY, Harms MJ, Johnson S et al (2012) ApoE suppresses atherosclerosis by reducing lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes and the expression of inflammatory molecules on monocytes and vascular endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:264–272
Raffaï R, Maurice R, Weisgraber K, Innerarity T, Wang X, MacKenzie R, Hirama T, Watson D, Rassart E, Milne R (1995) Molecular characterization of two monoclonal antibodies specific for the LDL receptor-binding site of human apolipoprotein E. J Lipid Res 36:1905–1918
Eberle D, Luk FS, Kim RY, Olivas VR, Kumar N, Posada JM, Li K, Gaudreault N, Rapp JH, Raffai RL (2013) Inducible Apoe gene repair in hypomorphic ApoE mice deficient in the low-density lipoprotein receptor promotes atheroma stabilization with a human-like lipoprotein profile. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33:1759–1767
Baier SR, Nguyen C, Xie F, Wood JR, Zempleni J (2014) MicroRNAs are absorbed in biologically meaningful amounts from nutritionally relevant doses of cow milk and affect gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, HEK-293 kidney cell cultures, and mouse livers. J Nutr 144:1495–1500
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health; 5U19CA179512 and 1U01HL126493 Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium Common Fund, and HL133575 to (R.L.R.) which was administered by the Northern California Institute for Research and Education. The work was performed at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. We thank Phat Duong and Allen Chung for excellent technical assistance with SDS-PAGE.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Li, K., Wong, D.K., Luk, F.S., Kim, R.Y., Raffai, R.L. (2018). Isolation of Plasma Lipoproteins as a Source of Extracellular RNA. In: Patel, T. (eds) Extracellular RNA. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1740. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7652-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7652-2_11
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7651-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7652-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols