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Exploring the Diagnostic Potential of Immune Biomarker Co-expression in Gulf War Illness

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Psychoneuroimmunology

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1781))

Abstract

Complex disorders like Gulf War illness (GWI) often defy diagnosis on the basis of a single biomarker and may only be distinguishable by considering the co-expression of multiple markers measured in response to a challenge. We demonstrate the practical application of such an approach using an example where blood was collected from 26 GWI, 13 healthy control subjects, and 9 unhealthy controls with chronic fatigue at three points during a graded exercise challenge. A 3-way multivariate projection model based on 12 markers of endocrine and immune function was constructed using a training set of n = 10 GWI and n = 11 healthy controls. These groups were separated almost completely on the basis of two co-expression patterns. In a separate test set these same features allowed for discrimination of new GWI subjects (n = 16) from unhealthy (n = 9) and healthy control subjects with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 90%.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the NIAAA: R21AA016635 (PI MA Fletcher); NIAID: R01AI065723 (PI MA Fletcher); CFIDS Assoc. of America [2]: (PI N Klimas, PI G Broderick); NIAID: UO1 AI459940 (PI N Klimas); NIAMSD R01 AR057853-01A1 (PI N Klimas); VA merit awards (PI N Klimas); Dynamic Modeling in GWI,CFS/ME; GW080152 (PI N Klimas); and the University of Alberta (PI G Broderick).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA

    Gordon Broderick

  2. Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA

    Gordon Broderick

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Mary Ann Fletcher & Zachary Barnes

  4. Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA

    Mary Ann Fletcher & Nancy G. Klimas

  5. Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Michael Gallagher

  6. Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Zachary Barnes

  7. The Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Suzanne D. Vernon

  8. Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA

    Nancy G. Klimas

Authors
  1. Gordon Broderick
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  2. Mary Ann Fletcher
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  3. Michael Gallagher
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  4. Zachary Barnes
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  5. Suzanne D. Vernon
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  6. Nancy G. Klimas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gordon Broderick .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Maryland University College, Adelphi, MD, PharmTao, Santa Clara, California, USA

    Qing Yan

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Broderick, G., Fletcher, M.A., Gallagher, M., Barnes, Z., Vernon, S.D., Klimas, N.G. (2018). Exploring the Diagnostic Potential of Immune Biomarker Co-expression in Gulf War Illness. In: Yan, Q. (eds) Psychoneuroimmunology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1781. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_7

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7827-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7828-1

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