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Rapid Detection and Monitoring of Brain Injury Using Sensory-Evoked Responses

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Pre-Clinical and Clinical Methods in Brain Trauma Research

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 139))

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Abstract

There is currently a dearth of quantitative biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can be rapidly acquired and interpreted in active field environments. Clinical imaging, via computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in combination with a clinical examination, is currently the “gold standard” for diagnosing TBI. These technologies, however, require extended imaging sessions and are rarely available during the peak therapeutic window following injury. Moreover, mild TBI (mTBI) often does not present with structural damage that can be detected by CT or MRI imaging. Techniques that probe neurophysiological function, however, present an opportunity to directly and rapidly assess brain health following head impact. One of the most basic roles of the CNS is to register and parse sensory stimuli from the environment. This process relies on an intricate feedback network that involves a multitude of widely distributed brain structures, and subtle perturbation in brain health can have a dramatic effect on afferent relay and processing of sensory information. In this chapter, we describe recent preclinical approaches for rapidly detecting and monitoring TBI using sensory-evoked physiological biomarkers, particularly somatosensory-evoked electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses. With an eye toward clinical implementation, we focus our discussion on measurements that can be achieved noninvasively.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by National Science Foundation awards 1541612 and 1641133 (J.A.N.F), internal recruitment funds at New York Medical College (J.A.N.F), Boettcher Webb-Waring Research Award (C.G.W.), internal recruitment funds at University of Colorado (C.G.W.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

    Jonathan A. N. Fisher

  2. Departments of Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

    Cristin G. Welle

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  1. Jonathan A. N. Fisher
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  2. Cristin G. Welle
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Correspondence to Jonathan A. N. Fisher or Cristin G. Welle .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

    Amit K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

    Charles S. Cox

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Fisher, J.A.N., Welle, C.G. (2018). Rapid Detection and Monitoring of Brain Injury Using Sensory-Evoked Responses. In: Srivastava, A., Cox, C. (eds) Pre-Clinical and Clinical Methods in Brain Trauma Research. Neuromethods, vol 139. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8564-7_15

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