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Protein Dynamics in Phosphoryl-Transfer Signaling Mediated by Two-Component Systems

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Histidine Phosphorylation

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2077))

Abstract

The ability to perceive the environment, an essential attribute in living organisms, is linked to the evolution of signaling proteins that recognize specific signals and execute predetermined responses. Such proteins constitute concerted systems that can be as simple as a unique protein, able to recognize a ligand and exert a phenotypic change, or extremely complex pathways engaging dozens of different proteins which act in coordination with feedback loops and signal modulation. To understand how cells sense their surroundings and mount specific adaptive responses, we need to decipher the molecular workings of signal recognition, internalization, transfer, and conversion into chemical changes inside the cell. Protein allostery and dynamics play a central role. Here, we review recent progress on the study of two-component systems, important signaling machineries of prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Such systems implicate a sensory histidine kinase and a separate response regulator protein. Both components exploit protein flexibility to effect specific conformational rearrangements, modulating protein–protein interactions, and ultimately transmitting information accurately. Recent work has revealed how histidine kinases switch between discrete functional states according to the presence or absence of the signal, shifting key amino acid positions that define their catalytic activity. In concert with the cognate response regulator’s allosteric changes, the phosphoryl-transfer flow during the signaling process is exquisitely fine-tuned for proper specificity, efficiency and directionality.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially funded by grant # FCE 1_2017_1_136291 (ANII, Uruguay). We wish to thank Alberto Marina for discussions and useful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Felipe Trajtenberg & Alejandro Buschiazzo

  2. Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

    Alejandro Buschiazzo

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  1. Felipe Trajtenberg
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  2. Alejandro Buschiazzo
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Correspondence to Alejandro Buschiazzo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Proteome Research Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    Claire E. Eyers

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Trajtenberg, F., Buschiazzo, A. (2020). Protein Dynamics in Phosphoryl-Transfer Signaling Mediated by Two-Component Systems. In: Eyers, C. (eds) Histidine Phosphorylation. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2077. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9884-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9884-5_1

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