Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss in detail two essential methods used to evaluate the interaction of Myc with another protein of interest: co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and in vitro pull-down assays. Co-IP is a method that, by immunoaffinity, allows the identification of protein–protein interactions within cells. We provide methods to conduct Co-IPs from whole-cell extracts as well as cytoplasmic and nuclear-enriched fractions. By contrast, the pull-down assay evaluates whether a bait protein that is bound to a solid support can specifically interact with a prey protein that is in solution. We provide methods to conduct in vitro pull-downs and further detail how to use this assay to distinguish whether a protein–protein interaction is direct or indirect. We also discuss methods used to screen for Myc interactors and provide an in silico strategy to help prioritize hits for further validation using the described Co-IP and in vitro pull-down assays.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blackwood EM, Eisenman RN (1991) Max: a helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc. Science 251:1211–1217
Cheng SW, Davies KP, Yung E et al (1999) c-MYC interacts with INI1/hSNF5 and requires the SWI/SNF complex for transactivation function. Nat Genet 22:102–105
Peukert K, Staller P, Schneider A et al (1997) An alternative pathway for gene regulation by Myc. EMBO J 16:5672–5686
Sakamuro D, Elliott KJ, Wechsler-Reya R et al (1996) BIN1 is a novel MYC-interacting protein with features of a tumour suppressor. Nat Genet 14:69–77
Wang Q, Zhang H, Kajino K et al (1998) BRCA1 binds c-Myc and inhibits its transcriptional and transforming activity in cells. Oncogene 17:1939–1948
Hirst M, Ho C, Sabourin L et al (2001) A two-hybrid system for transactivator bait proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:8726–8731
Huang A, Ho CS, Ponzielli R et al (2005) Identification of a novel c-Myc protein interactor, JPO2, with transforming activity in medulloblastoma cells. Cancer Res 65:5607–5619
Johnson S, Stockmeier CA, Meyer JH et al (2011) The reduction of R1, a novel repressor protein for monoamine oxidase A, in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:2139–2148
Kalkat M, Wasylishen AR, Kim SS et al (2011) More than MAX: discovering the Myc interactome. Cell Cycle 10:374–375
Bader GD, Donaldson I, Wolting C et al (2001) BIND–the biomolecular interaction network database. Nucleic Acids Res 29:242–245
Reguly T, Breitkreutz A, Boucher L et al (2006) Comprehensive curation and analysis of global interaction networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol 5:11
Xenarios I, Rice DW, Salwinski L et al (2000) DIP: the database of interacting proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 28:289–291
Eskin E, Sharan R, Halperin E (2006) A note on phasing long genomic regions using local haplotype predictions. J Bioinform Comput Biol 4:639–647
Hermjakob H, Montecchi-Palazzi L, Lewington C et al (2004) IntAct: an open source molecular interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res 32:D452–D455
Zanzoni A, Montecchi-Palazzi L, Quondam M et al (2002) MINT: a molecular INTeraction database. FEBS Lett 513:135–140
Cerami EG, Bader GD, Gross BE et al (2006) cPath: open source software for collecting, storing, and querying biological pathways. BMC Bioinformatics 7:497
Brown KR, Jurisica I (2007) Unequal evolutionary conservation of human protein interactions in interologous networks. Genome Biol 8:R95
Razick S, Magklaras G, Donaldson IM (2008) iRefIndex: a consolidated protein interaction database with provenance. BMC Bioinformatics 9:405
Orchard S, Kerrien S, Abbani S et al (2012) Protein interaction data curation: the International Molecular Exchange (IMEx) consortium. Nat Methods 9:345–350
Orchard S, Kerrien S, Jones P et al (2007) Submit your interaction data the IMEx way: a step by step guide to trouble-free deposition. Proteomics 7(Suppl 1):28–34
Geraci J, Liu G, Jurisica I (2012) Algorithms for systematic identification of small subgraphs. Methods Mol Biol 804:219–244
Przulj N, Corneil DG, Jurisica I (2004) Modeling interactome: scale-free or geometric? Bioinformatics 20:3508–3515
Przulj N, Corneil DG, Jurisica I (2006) Efficient estimation of graphlet frequency distributions in protein–protein interaction networks. Bioinformatics 22:974–980
Miller AK, Marsh J, Reeve A et al (2010) An overview of the CellML API and its implementation. BMC Bioinformatics 11:178
da Huang W, Sherman BT, Tan Q et al (2007) DAVID bioinformatics resources: expanded annotation database and novel algorithms to better extract biology from large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res 35:W169–W175
Vastrik I, D'Eustachio P, Schmidt E et al (2007) Reactome: a knowledge base of biologic pathways and processes. Genome Biol 8:R39
Kanehisa M, Goto S, Kawashima S et al (2002) The KEGG databases at GenomeNet. Nucleic Acids Res 30:42–46
Pico AR, Kelder T, van Iersel MP et al (2008) WikiPathways: pathway editing for the people. PLoS Biol 6:e184
Markham K, Bai Y, Schmitt-Ulms G (2007) Co-immunoprecipitations revisited: an update on experimental concepts and their implementation for sensitive interactome investigations of endogenous proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 389:461–473
Conacci-Sorrell M, Ngouenet C, Eisenman RN (2010) Myc-nick: a cytoplasmic cleavage product of Myc that promotes alpha-tubulin acetylation and cell differentiation. Cell 142:480–493
Ponzielli R, Boutros PC, Katz S et al (2008) Optimization of experimental design parameters for high-throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation studies. Nucleic Acids Res 36:e144
Andresen C, Helander S, Lemak A et al (2012) Transient structure and dynamics in the disordered c-Myc transactivation domain affect Bin1 binding. Nucleic Acids Res 40:6353–6366
Beaulieu ME, McDuff FO, Frappier V et al (2012) New structural determinants for c-Myc specific heterodimerization with Max and development of a novel homodimeric c-Myc b-HLH-LZ. J Mol Recognit 25:414–426
Nair SK, Burley SK (2003) X-ray structures of Myc-Max and Mad-Max recognizing DNA. Molecular bases of regulation by proto-oncogenic transcription factors. Cell 112:193–205
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the members of the Penn lab, Manpreet Kalkat and Lindsay Lustig, for helpful discussions and critical review of this chapter. This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR #MOP123289, L.Z.P), Ontario Research Fund (GL2-01-030, I. J., L.Z.P.), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI #12301 and CFI #203373 I. J.), and Canada Research Chairs Program (CRC #203373 L.Z.P. and CRC #225404, I.J.). Additional support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the OMOHLTC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ponzielli, R., Tu, W.B., Jurisica, I., Penn, L.Z. (2013). Identifying Myc Interactors. In: Soucek, L., Sodir, N. (eds) The Myc Gene. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1012. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-428-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-429-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols