Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Overview of Vaccines

  • Protocol
Vaccine Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Medicine™ ((MIMM,volume 87))

Abstract

Most vaccines are designed as a prophylactic measure to stimulate a lasting immune response so that on subsequent exposure to the particular infectious agent, the extent of infection is reduced to such an extent that disease does not occur (1). There is also increasing interest in designing vaccines that may be effective as a therapeutic measure, immunotherapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Plotkin, S. A. and Orenstein, W. A., eds. (1998) Vaccines, 3rd ed., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp. 1–1230.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cadoz, M., Strady, A., Meigner, B., et al. (1992) Immunization with canarypox virus expressing rabies glycoprotein. Lancet 339, 1429–1432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Clark, H. F., Glass, R. I., and Offit, P. A. (1998) Rotavirus vaccines, in Vaccines, 3rd ed., (Plotkin, S. A. and Orenstein, W. A., eds.) W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp. 987–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Maassab, H. F., Herlocher, M. L., and Bryant, M. L. (1998) Live influenza virus vaccine, in Vaccines, 3rd ed., (Plotkin, S.A. and Orenstein, W.A., eds.) W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp. 909–927.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Levine, M. M. (1998). Typhoid fever vaccines, in Vaccines, 3rd ed., (Plotkin, S. A. and Orenstein, W. A., eds.) W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp. 781–814.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tartaglia, J., Perkus, M. E., and Taylor, J. (1992) NYVAC: a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus. Virology, 188, 217–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Daniel, M. D., Kirchhoff, F., Czajak, S., et al. (1992) Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene. Science 258, 1938–1940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cohen, J. (2001) AIDS vaccines show promise after years of frustration. Science 291, 1686–1688.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Daly, J. M., Wood, J. M., and Robertson, J. S. (1998) Cocirculation and divergence of human influenza viruses, In: Textbook of Influenza (Nicholson, K. G., Webster, R. G., and Hay, A. J.). Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford. UK, pp. 168–180.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Edwards, K. M., Decker, M. D., and Mortimer, E. A. (1998) Pertussis vaccine, in Vaccines 3rd ed., (Plotkin, S. A. and Orenstein, W. A., eds.) W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp 293–344.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ramsay, M. E., Andrews, N., Keezmarsk, E. B., and Miller, E. (2001) Efficacy of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine in teenagers and toddlers in England. Lancet 357, 195–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lin, F. Y. C., Ho, V. A., Khiem, H. B., et al. (2001) The efficacy of a Salmonella Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1263–1269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hilleman, M. R. (1992) Vaccine perspectives from the vantage of hepatitis B. Vaccine Res. 1, 1–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Egea, E., Iglesias, A., Salazar, et al. (1991) The cellular basis for the lack of antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine in humans. J. Exp. Med., 173, 531–542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Keller, D., Koster, F. T., Marks, D. H., et al. (1994) Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant outer surface protein A Lyme vaccine. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 271, 1764–1768.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Langmuir, I. D., Bregman, D. J., Kurland, L.D., et al. (1984) An epidemiological and clinical evaluation of Guillain-Barre syndrome reported in association with the administration of swine influenza vaccine. J. Epidemiol. 119, 841–879.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Weibel, R. E., Casuta, V., Bessor, D. E., et al. (1998) Acute encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death associated with further attenuated measles vaccines. Pediatrics 101, 383–387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Levin, A. (2000) Vaccines today. Ann. Intern. Med. 133, 661–664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Stratton, K. R., Howe, C. J., and Johnston, R. B. (1994). Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines. Evidence bearing on causality. Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1–464.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Galaska, A. M., Lauer, B. A., Henderson, R. H., and Keja, J. (1984) Indications and contraindications for vaccines used in the expanded programme of immunization. Bull. WHO 62, 357–366.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Halsey, N. A. (1993) Increased mortality following high titer measles vaccines: too much of a good thing. Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 12, 462–465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Murphy, T.V., Gargiullo, P. M., Nassoudi, M. S., et al. (2001) Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med., 344, 564–572.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Amin, J. and Wong, M. (1999) Measles, mumps, rubella immunization, autism and inflammatory bowel diseases: update. Communicable Disease Intelligence 23, 222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Elliman, D., and Bedford, H. (2001) MMR vaccine: the continuing saga. Br. Med. J. 322, 183–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fenner, F., Henderson, D. A., Arita, I., Jesek, Z., and Ladnyi, I. D. (1988) Smallpox and its eradication. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1–1460.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Department of Vaccines and Biologicals. World Health Organization. (2000) Key elements for improving supplementary immunization activities for polio eradication. Geneva, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ada, G. and Ramsay, A. (1997) Vaccines, Vaccination and The Immune Response. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 1–247.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. (2000) The Jordan Report. Accelerated Development of Vaccines, pp. 1–173.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Saphire, E. O., Parren, P. W. H. I., Pantophlet, R., et al. (2001) Crystal structure of a neutralizing human IgG against HIV-1: a template for vaccine design. Science 293, 1155–1159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tam, J. P. (1988) Synthetic peptide vaccine design: synthesis and properties of a high density multiple antigenic peptide system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5409–5413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. D’Alessandro, U., Leach, A., Diakeley, C. J., et al. (1995) Efficacy trial of a malaria vaccine SPf66 in Gambian infants. Lancet 346, 462–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Pruksakorn, S., Currie, B., Brandt, E., et al. (1994) Towards a vaccine for rheumatic fever: identification of a conserved target epitope on M protein of group A streptococci. Lancet 344, 639–642.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Brandt, E. R., Sriprakash, K. S., Hobb, R. I., et al. (2000) New multi-determinant strategy for a group A streptococcal vaccine designed for the Australian aboriginal population. Nat. Med. 6, 455–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jackson, R. J., Ramsay, A. J., Christensen, C. D., et al. (2001) Expression of mouse interleukin-4 by a recombinant ectromelia virus suppresses cytolytic lymphocyte responses and overcomes genetic resistance to mousepox. J. Virol. 75, 1205–1210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. McDonnell, W. M. and Askari, F. K. Molecular medicine; DNA vaccines. (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. 324, 42–45.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Delves, P. J. and Roitt, I. M. (2000) The immune system. N. Engl. J. Med. 343, Part 1, 37–49. Part 2, 108–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Jackson, D. C., Ada, G. L., and Tha Lha, R. (1976) Cytotoxic T cells recognize very early, minor changes in ectromelia virus-infected target cells. Aust J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 54, 349–363.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Geisow, M. J. (1991) Unravelling the mysteries of molecular audit: MHC class I restriction. Tibtech 9, 403–404.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ada, G. (1994) Twenty years into the saga of MHC-restriction. Immunol. Cell Biol. 72, 447–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Taylor, G. (1994) The role of antibody in controlling and/or clearing virus infections, in Strategies in Vaccine Design. (Ada, GL. ed.), Landes, Austin, TX, pp. 17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Griffin, D. E., Levine, B., Tyor, W. B., and Irani, D. N. (1992) The immune response in viral encephalitis. Semin. Immunol. 4, 111–1191.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ramshaw, I. R., Ruby, J., Ramsay, A., et al. (1992) Expression of cytokines by recombinant vaccinia viruses: a model for studying cytokines in virus infections in vivo. Immunol. Rev. 127, 157–182.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ada, G. L. (1990) The immune response to antigens: the immunological principles of vaccination. Lancet 335, 523–526.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sharma, D. P., Ramsay, A. J., and Maguire, D. J., et al. (1996) Interleukin 4 mediates down regulation of antiviral cytokine expression and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and exacerbates vaccinia virus infection in vivo. J. Virol. 70, 7103–7107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Afonso, L. C. C., Scharton, T. M., Vieira, L. Q., et al. (1994) The adjuvant effect of interleukin-12 in a vaccine against Leishmaniasis major. Science 263, 235–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Allsopp, C. E. M., Plebanski, M., Gilbert, S., et al. (1996) Comparison of numerous delivery systems for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by immunization. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 1951–1959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Glenn, G. M., Taylor, D. N., Li, X., et al. (2000) Transcutaneous immunization: a human vaccine delivery strategy using a patch. Nat. Med. 6, 1403–1406.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hammond, J., McGarvey, P., Yusibov, B. eds. (1999) Plant biotechnology. New procedures and applications. Cont. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 240, 1–196.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Graham, B. S., Matthews, T. J., Belshe, R. B., et al. (1993) Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 neutralizing antibody by priming with gp160 recombinant vaccinia and boosting with rgp160 in vaccinia naïve adults. J. Infect. Dis. 167, 533–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Leong, K. H., Ramsay, A. J., Morin, M. J., et al. (1995) Generation of enhanced immune responses by consecutive immunization with DNA and recombinant fowlpox virus, in Vaccines ′95. (Brown, F., Chanock, R., Ginsberg, H., and Norrby, E., eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 327–331.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ada, G. (2001). Vaccines and vaccination. N. Engl. J. Med. 355.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wizemann, T. M., Heinrichs, J. H., Adamou, J., et al. (2001) Use of a whole genome approach to identify vaccine molecules affording protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Infect. Immun. 69, 1593–1598.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cell Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Gordon Ada

Authors
  1. Gordon Ada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK

    Andrew Robinson  & Michael J. Hudson  & 

  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK

    Martin P. Cranage

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Ada, G. (2003). Overview of Vaccines. In: Robinson, A., Hudson, M.J., Cranage, M.P. (eds) Vaccine Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicine™, vol 87. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-399-2:1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-399-2:1

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-140-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-399-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation