Abstract
The molecular synthesis and genetics of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T-cell-receptor (TR) chains are particularly complex and unique, as they include biological mechanisms such as DNA molecular rearrangements in multiple loci (three for IG and four for TR in human) located on different chromosomes (four in human), nucleotide deletions and insertions at the rearrangement junctions (or N-diversity), and somatic hypermutations in the IG loci (for review, see refs. 1,2). The number of potential protein forms of IG and TR is almost unlimited. Because of the complexity and large number of published sequences, data control and classification and detailed annotations are a very difficult task for the general databanks such as EMBL, GenBank, and DDBJ (3–5). These observations were the starting point of IMGT, the International ImMunoGeneTics Information System® (http://imgt.cines.fr) (6), created in 1989 by the Laboratoire ďImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM), at the Université Montpellier II, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lefranc, M.-P. and Lefranc, G. (2001) The Immunoglobulin FactsBook. Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 1–458.
Lefranc, M.-P. and Lefranc, G. (2001) The T cell receptor FactsBook. Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 1–398.
Stoesser, G., Baker, W., Van den Broek, A., Camon, E., Garcia-Pastor, M., Kanz, C., et al. (2001) The EMBL nucleotide sequence database. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 17–21.
Benson, D. A., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D., Ostell, J., Rapp, B. A., and Wheeler, D. L. (2000) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 15–18.
Tateno, Y., Miyazaki, S., Ota, M., Sugawara, H., and Gojobori, T. (2000) DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) in collaboration with mass sequencing teams. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 24–26.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2001) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 207–209.
Giudicelli, V., Chaume, D., Bodmer, J., Müller, W., Busin, C., Marsh, S., et al. (1997) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 206–211.
Lefranc, M.-P., Giudicelli, V., Busin, C., Bodmer, J., Müller, W., Bontrop, R., et al. (1998) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database. Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 297–303.
Lefranc, M.-P., Giudicelli, V., Ginestoux, C., Bodmer, J., Müller, W., Bontrop, R., et al. (1999) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 209–212.
Ruiz, M., Giudicelli, V., Ginestoux, C., Stoehr, P., Robinson, J., Bodmer, J., et al. (2000) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 219–221.
Robinson, J., Malik, A., Parham, P., Bodmer, J. G., and Marsh, S. G. E. (2000) IMGT/HLA Database — a sequence database for the human major histocompatibility complex. Tissue Antigens 55, 280–287.
Ruiz, M. and Lefranc, M.-P. (2002) IMGT gene identification and Colliers de Perles of human immunoglobulin with known 3D structures. Immunogenetics DOI 10.1007/s00251-001-0408-6. Immunogenetics 53, 857–883.
Giudicelli, V. and Lefranc, M.-P. (1999) Ontology for Immunogenetics: IMGT-ONTOLOGY. Bioinformatics 12, 1047–1054.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) Nomenclature of the human immunoglobulin genes. Current Protocols in Immunology. J. Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 40 (Suppl.) A.1P.1–A.1P.37.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) Nomenclature of the human T cell Receptor genes. Current Protocols in mmunology. J. Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 40, (Suppl.) A.1O.1–A.1O.23.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) Locus maps and genomic repertoire of the human Ig genes. The Immunologist 8, 80–87.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) Locus maps and genomic repertoire of the human T-cell receptor genes. The Immunologist 8, 72–79.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2001) Nomenclature of the human immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 18, 100–116.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2001) Nomenclature of the human immunoglobulin kappa (IGK) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 18, 161–174.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2001) Nomenclature of the human immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 18, 242–254.
Lefranc, M.-P. (1998) IMGT (ImMunoGeneTics) Locus on Focus. A new section of Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 15, 1–7.
Pallarès, N., Frippiat, J. P., Giudicelli, V., and Lefranc, M.-P. (1998) The human immunoglobulin lambda variable (IGLV) genes and joining (IGLJ) segments. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 15, 8–18.
Barbié, V. and Lefranc, M.-P. (1998) The human immunoglobulin kappa variable (IGKV) genes and joining (IGKJ) segments. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 15, 171–183.
Pallarès, N., Lefebvre, S., Contet, V., Matsuda, F., and Lefranc, M.-P. (1999) The human immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 16, 36–60.
Ruiz, M., Pallarès, N., Contet, V., Barbié, V., and Lefranc, M.-P. (1999) The human immunoglobulin heavy diversity (IGHD) and joining (IGHJ) segments. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 16, 173–184.
Folch, G. and Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) The human T cell receptor beta variable (TRBV) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 17, 42–54.
Scaviner, D. and Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) The human T cell receptor alpha variable (TRAV) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 17, 83–96.
Scaviner, D. and Lefranc, M.-P (2000) The human T cell receptor alpha joining (TRAJ) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 17, 97–106.
Folch, G. and Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) The human T cell receptor beta diversity (TRBD) and beta joining (TRBJ) genes. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 17, 107–114.
Scaviner, D., Barbié, V., Ruiz, M., and Lefranc, M.-P. (1999) Protein displays of the human immunoglobulin heavy, kappa and lambda variable and joining regions. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 16, 234–240.
Folch, G., Scaviner, D., Contet, V., and Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) Protein displays of the human T cell receptor alpha, beta, gamma and delta variable and joining regions. Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 17, 205–215.
Lefranc, M.-P. (1997) Unique database numbering system for immunogenetic analysis. Immuno. Today 18, 509.
Lefranc, M.-P. (1999) The IMGT unique numbering for Immunoglobulins, T cell receptors and Ig-like domains. The Immunologist 7, 132–136.
Kabat, E. A., Wu, T. T., Perry, H. M., Gottesman, K. S., and Foeller, C. (1991) Sequences of proteins of immunological interest. National Institute of Health Publications, Washington, D.C., pp. 91–3242.
Satow, Y., Cohen, G. H., Padlan, E. A., and Davies, D. R. (1986) Phosphocholine binding immunoglobulin Fab McPC603. J. Mol. Biol. 190: 593–604.
Chothia, C. and Lesk, A. M. (1987) Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins. J. Mol. Biol. 196, 901–917.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2000) Web sites of interest to immunologists, in Current Protocols in Immunology, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. A.1J.1–A.1J.33.
Giudicelli, V., Chaume, D., and Lefranc, M.-P. (1998) IMGT/LIGM-DB: a systematized approach for ImMunoGeneTics database coherence and data distribution improvement. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, ISBM-98, 59–68.
Giudicelli, V., Chaume, D., Mennessier, G., Althaus, H. H., Müller, W., Bodmer, J., et al. (1998) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database: a new design for immunogenetics data access. Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress on Medical Informatics, MEDINFO’ 98 (Cesnik, B. et al., eds.), IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 351–355.
Lefranc, M.-P. (2002) IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database: a high-quality information system for comparative immmunogenetics and immunology. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 26, 697–705.
Lefranc, M.-P., Pommié, C., Ruiz, M., Giudicelli, V., Foulquier, E., Truong, L., et al. (2003) IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27, 55–77.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Lefranc, MP. (2004). IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, http://imgt.cines.fr. In: Lo, B.K.C. (eds) Antibody Engineering. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 248. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-666-5:27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-666-5:27
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-092-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-666-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols