Economics and Vaccines

Bos, J.; Postma, M.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_77

J. Bos &
M. Postma

247 Accesses

Abstract:

Infectious diseases are an important cause of mortality and morbidity, causing approximately 27% of the total disease burden in DALY. A large part of DALY lost due to infectious diseases could be prevented by improving existing vaccination programs for the population. Diseases such as childhood cluster diseases, hepatitis A and B, respiratory infections caused by influenza, pneumococcal and meningococcal infections, and Hemophilus influenzae type B, are for a large part preventable by current vaccines.

The implementation of new vaccine programs or/and strategies is often a costly process with long term consequences. Vaccination programs often concern a large part of the population, and have a large budget impact. Once a vaccination program has started, it is (due to equity reasons) extremely difficult to cease the program. To gain a better understanding of the potential impact on health benefits and costs of a vaccine intervention, health-economic evaluations are frequently used, which estimate the future impact on health gains and costs. Health-economic evaluations are mostly presented as one of the following four types of analysis: cost-minimization, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the main techniques and challenges associated with health economic evaluations of vaccination programs, such as the choice of the model. Additionally, an overview of health economic evaluations that have been performed on currently implemented vaccination strategies is presented. From our analysis it follows that vaccine programs, and especially those against childhood cluster diseases, and vaccination of elderly against influenza are amongst the world’s most cost-effective interventions.

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Notes

1.
The force of infection is defined as the per-susceptible rate of infection. The force of infection can be calculated approximately by dividing the incidence by the number of susceptibles

Abbreviations

BCG:: bacillus Calmette-Guérin
CBA:: cost benefit analysis
CEA:: cost effectiveness analysis
CMA:: cost minimization analysis
DALY:: disability adjusted life year
DTPP:: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis
Hib:: Hemophilus influenzae type b
HPV:: human papilloma virus
IPV:: inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine
MMR:: measles, mumps and rubella
OPV:: oral poliomyelitis vaccine
QALY:: quality adjusted life year
WTP:: willingness to pay
VZV:: varicella zoster virus

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J. Bos
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M. Postma
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Editors and Affiliations

Dept. Nutrition and Dietetics Nutritional Sciences Research Division School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, King's College London, Franklin‐Wilkins Building 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK
Victor R. Preedy (Prof.) (Prof.)
Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Health Science Center 1295 N. Martin, P.O. Box 245155, 85724-5155, Tucson, AZ
Ronald R. Watson (Prof.) (Prof.)

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Bos, J., Postma, M. (2010). Economics and Vaccines. In: Preedy, V.R., Watson, R.R. (eds) Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_77

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_77
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