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Radiation Chemistry

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Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry

Abstract

Ionizing radiation causes chemical changes in the molecules of the interacting medium. The initial molecules change to new molecules, resulting in changes of the physical, chemical, and eventually biological properties of the material. For instance, water decomposes to its elements H2 and O2. In polymers, degradation and crosslinking take place. In biopolymers, e.g., DNS strand breaks and other alterations occur. Such changes are to be avoided in some cases (radiation protection), however, in other cases they are used for technological purposes (radiation processing). This chapter introduces radiation chemistry by discussing the sources of ionizing radiation (radionuclide sources, machine sources), absorption of radiation energy, techniques used in radiation chemistry research, and methods of absorbed energy (absorbed dose) measurements. Radiation chemistry of different classes of inorganic (water and aqueous solutions, inorganic solids, ionic liquids (ILs)) and organic substances (hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, polymers, and biomolecules) is discussed in concise form together with theoretical and experimental backgrounds. An essential part of the chapter is the introduction of radiation processing technologies in the fields of polymer chemistry, food processing, and sterilization. The application of radiation chemistry to nuclear technology and to protection of environment (flue gas treatment, wastewater treatment) is also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Isotopes, HAS, Budapest, Hungary

    L. Wojnárovits

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  1. L. Wojnárovits
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Correspondence to L. Wojnárovits .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 32, Budapest, 1518, Hungary

    Attila Vértes (Professor Emeritus) & Sándor Nagy (Professor) (Professor Emeritus) &  (Professor)

  2. Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Budapest, 1025, Hungary

    Zoltán Klencsár (Dr.) (Dr.)

  3. Institute of Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 51, Debrecen, 4001, Hungary

    Rezső G. Lovas (Professor) (Professor)

  4. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Frank Rösch (Professor) (Professor)

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Wojnárovits, L. (2011). Radiation Chemistry. In: Vértes, A., Nagy, S., Klencsár, Z., Lovas, R.G., Rösch, F. (eds) Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0720-2_23

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