Introduction
Scholars have considered entrepreneurship only as a creation by an independent entrepreneur for a long time. However public policies reconsidered this view in the 1980s and encouraged the development of two new kinds of entrepreneurships: first, academic entrepreneurship during the 1990s, and second, corporate entrepreneurship (CE) in the following decade (Phan et al. 2009). At the end of the 1990s, public policies tried to improve the system of innovation and to speed up the conversion of fundamental research into commercial innovation. So, it encouraged the development of academic entrepreneurship (Nicolaou and Birley 2003). Academic entrepreneurship is a real breakdown with the traditional culture of university that focuses on the production of knowledge, and not on commercial purposes. Corporate entrepreneurship includes various kinds of organizational practices that allow the firm to develop new innovations...
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Gallaud, D. (2013). Partnerships and Entrepreneurship (Vol Entrepreneurship). In: Carayannis, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_236
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