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Business Start-Up: From Emergence to Development

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Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

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Synonyms

Accompaniment; Creation; Growth

Entrepreneurship, viewed as either an academic or a practical field, is primarily made up of three interwoven mainstreams:

  • “Individual traits” of entrepreneur, typified as either a cautious owner-manager (J-B Say), or an audacious risk-taker (J-A Schumpeter 1943)

  • Global “spirit of enterprising” of Society, typified as either a positive attitude toward risk and innovation (Drucker 1985) or a free market ideology (Williamson 1985)

  • Last but not least, business creation, start-up and development

Academic research on this latter topic started during the sixties. It sharply increased with the industrial world crisis of the mid-seventies, requiring new public policies. By supporting new firms, Governments tried to reduce unemployment of either salaried workers, fired from big industrial concerns, or “disabled minorities” (Small Business Act). But they also designed to promote and develop new technologies, in activity parks, nurseries, clusters, and so...

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  • Russel MG, Sauber MH. Profiles of managerial activities in small firms. Strategic Manage J. 1995;16:551–64.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ERFI, Université de Montpellier, ISEM, rue Vendemiaire, Montpelier, France

    Prof. Michel Marchesnay

Authors
  1. Prof. Michel Marchesnay
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Correspondence to Michel Marchesnay .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Systems & Technology, Management, School of Business, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Elias G. Carayannis

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Marchesnay, M. (2013). Business Start-Up: From Emergence to Development. In: Carayannis, E.G. (eds) Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_446

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_446

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3857-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3858-8

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