Synonyms
Description
Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot provide enough cardiac output for the metabolic demands of the body. The prevalence of heart failure has been estimated at 2% and is expected to grow due to improved survival of people with cardiac conditions (Mann 2008). The lifetime risk of developing heart failure has been estimated at 20%. Coronary artery disease is the most frequent cause of heart failure (60–75%) (Lloyd-Jones et al. 2002). Etiologies for heart failure aside from coronary artery disease include viral inflammation of the heart, also known as myocarditis; alcohol toxicity; or genetic mutations.
One way to classify heart failure is according to left ventricular ejection fraction, a measure of contractile function. “Systolic heart failure” is defined by the presence of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, usually <40%. About half of patients with heart failure may still have preserved left ventricular ejection...
References and Further Reading
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Larson, M. G., Leip, E. P., Beiser, A., D’Agostino, R. B., Kannel, W. B., et al. (2002). Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: The Framingham heart study. Circulation, 106(24), 3068–3072.
Maeder, M. T., & Kaye, D. M. (2009). Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(11), 905–918.
Mann, D. L. (2008). Chapter 227: Heart failure and cor pulmonale. In A. S. Fauci, E. Braunwald, D. L. Kasper, S. L. Hauser, D. L. Longo, J. L. Jameson, & J. Loscalzo (Eds.), Harrison’s principles of internal medicine (Vol. 17e). New York: McGraw-Hill.
O’Connor, C. M., Whellan, D. J., Lee, K. L., Keteyian, S. J., Cooper, L. S., Ellis, S. J., et al. (2009). Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(14), 1439–1450.
Rutledge, T., Reis, V. A., Linke, S. E., Greenberg, B. H., & Mills, P. J. (2006). Depression in heart failure a meta-analytic review of prevalence, intervention effects, and associations with clinical outcomes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 48(8), 1527–1537.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Whang, W. (2019). Congestive Heart Failure. In: Gellman, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_1255-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_1255-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6439-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6439-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine