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Temporal Extensions in the SQL Standard

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Encyclopedia of Database Systems

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Definition

Both ANSI and ISO published a revision of the SQL standard in 2011, referred to as SQL:2011 [1]. An important new feature of SQL:2011 is the ability to create and manipulate tables whose rows are associated with one or more temporal period definitions.

Historical Background

The first attempt at extending the SQL standard for temporal data support was made in 1995. A set of proposals incorporating the language extensions based on (but not identical to) TSQL2 [2] was submitted to both ANSI and ANSI SQL committees for consideration. However, this effort was abandoned in 2001 because of various reasons. A new attempt at standardizing temporal extensions with a different set of constructs was made in 2008. These language extensions are now part of SQL:2011.

Foundations

The literature on temporal databases recognizes two dimensions of time for temporal data support, e.g., see [3]:

  • Valid time, the time period during which some information is regarded as correctly reflecting the...

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Recommended Reading

  1. ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011. Information technology – database languages – SQL – part 2: foundation (SQL/Foundation); 2011.

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  2. Snodgrass R, editor. The TSQL2 temporal query language. Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995.

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  3. Snodgrass R. Developing time-oriented database applications in SQL. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann; 1999.

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  4. Allen JF. Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals. Commun ACM. 1983;26(11):832–43.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Kulkarni K, Michels J-E. Temporal features in SQL:2011. SIGMOD Rec. 2012;41(1):34–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Independent Consultant, San Jose, CA, USA

    Krishna Kulkarni

  2. Oracle Corporation, Redwood Shores, CA, USA

    Jan Michels

Authors
  1. Krishna Kulkarni
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  2. Jan Michels
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Krishna Kulkarni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ling Liu

  2. University of Waterloo School of Computer Science, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    M. Tamer Özsu

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Richard T. Snodgrass

  2. Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark

    Christian S. Jensen

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Kulkarni, K., Michels, J. (2018). Temporal Extensions in the SQL Standard. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8265-9_80729

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