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Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1: Role of Receptor Usage and Target Cells

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Encyclopedia of AIDS

Definition

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 occurs during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding, although to different proportion. The latest reports still count approximately 330,000 new infections in babies although a significant decrease was observed since introduction of efficient preventive measures. Viral genotype and phenotype gave little evidence of a specific pattern associated with MTCT of HIV-1 and thus are not useful absolute predictive markers of transmission. HIV-1 infection of children is initiated in most cases by an R5 virus, but viruses with other phenotypes can be isolated when the mother carries those. A sophisticated balance between inhibitory and facilitating factors as well as of competent target cells in the placenta, the breast milk, and at gastrointestinal level may redirect the transmission event.

Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1: Epidemiological Notes

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 can occur in utero, during delivery, and...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Mariangela Cavarelli & Gabriella Scarlatti

Authors
  1. Mariangela Cavarelli
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  2. Gabriella Scarlatti
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Correspondence to Mariangela Cavarelli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Cavarelli, M., Scarlatti, G. (2014). Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1: Role of Receptor Usage and Target Cells. In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_150-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_150-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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