Synonyms
Teaching machines are mechanical, electrical, or other automatic devices that present items of information in planned sequence, register users’ response to each item, and immediately indicate the acceptability of each response. The best known are from Pressey, Skinner, and Crowder and follow general principles of programmed instruction.
Introduction
A teaching machine can be considered as any mechanical device used for presenting a program of instructional material. Since antiquity, instruction has relied on machines as teaching aids (Buck 1989). Sometimes they are referred to as teaching machines, but these devices are associated with a particular type of educational purpose or activity (e.g., training soldiers). Teaching machines have a universal character, obeying a program.
According to the history of teaching machines (Stolurow 1961; Benjamin 1988; Bruillard 1997; Januszewski 2001, p. 33; Fernster 2014), Thorndike (1912) provided the rationale for teaching machines and...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Benjamin LT (1988) A history of teaching machines. Am Psychol 43(9):703–712
Bruillard E (1997) Les machines à enseigner. Hermès, Paris, p 320
Buck GH (1989) Teaching machines and teaching aids in the ancient world. McGill J Educ 24(1):31–54
Crowder NA (1962) Intrinsic and extrinsic programming. In: Coulson JE (ed) Programmed learning and computer-based instruction. Wilis, New York, pp 58–66
Ferster B (2014) Teaching machines. Learning from the intersection of education and technology. John Hopkins, Baltimore
Gilman D (1972) The origins and development of intrinsic and adaptive programing. AV Commun Rev 20(1):64–76 Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30217684
Januszewski A (2001) Educational technology: the development of a concept. Libraries Unlimited, Inc., Englewood
McRae P, Bower J (2013) Rebirth of the teaching machine through the seduction of data analytics: this time it’s personal. National Education Policy Center, blog. Consulted 3 Sept 2018. http://nepc.colorado.edu/blog/rebirth-teaching-machine-through-seduction-data-analytics-time-its-personal
Skinner BF (1954) The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harv Educ Rev 24(2) (Spring 1954):86–97. See The technology of teaching, (Includes reprints of papers on programmed learning), Skinner Foundation Reprint Series. Edited by Julie S. Vargas. http://www.bfskinner.org/2016/04/26/the-technology-of-teaching-available-in-e-book-formats/
Stolurow LM (1961) Teaching by machine. United States. Office of Education. Cooperative research monograph; no. 6 HathiTrust Digital Library. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015006508967;view=1up;seq=7
Ted M (1965) Teaching machines. Can they solve some major educational problems? In The UNESCO Courier, Mar 1965, pp 10–16 (in English, French and Spanish). On line https://fr.unesco.org/courier/teaching-machines
Thorndike EL (1912 published 1923) Education: a first book. Macmillan Co, New York. https://ia601407.us.archive.org/16/items/educationafirst02thorgoog/educationafirst02thorgoog.pdf
Watters A (2015) The first teaching machines. In: Hack education, The history of the future of education technology Consulted 3 Sept 2018. http://hackeducation.com/2015/02/03/the-first-teaching-machines
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Bruillard, E. (2020). Teaching Machines. In: Tatnall, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10575-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10576-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceReference Module Computer Science and Engineering