Synonyms
Burnt-out germ cell tumors
Definition
Regressed germ cell tumors correspond to fibrotic nodules in the testis occurring after either partial or complete regression of germ cell tumors (GCTs).
Clinical Features
Incidence
Less than 5% of testicular GCTs undergo complete or spontaneous regression (Miller et al. 2009).
Age
It occurs among 0–5-year-old children.
Sex
Male.
Site
Testis.
Treatment
Ipsilateral radical orchiectomy is the standard management for patients who present with retroperitoneal germ cell neoplasms.
Outcome
Retroperitoneal so-called extragonadal GCTs are almost always associated with a regressed (“burnt-out”) tumor in the testis and, that could occur as back pain secondary to retroperitoneal mass or, less commonly, as testicular enlargement (Balzer and Ulbright 2006). Testicular sonography is not specific; characteristics can be hyperechogenic, hypoechogenic, or a mixture of the two (Comiter et al. 1996). Regressed GCTs, because of their commonly occult nature,...
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References and Further Reading
Balzer, B. L., & Ulbright, T. M. (2006). Spontaneous regression of testicular germ cell tumors: An analysis of 42 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 30(7), 858–865.
Comiter, C. V., Renshaw, A. A., Benson, C. B., & Loughlin, K. R. (1996). Burned-out primary testicular cancer: Sonographic and pathological characteristics. The Journal of Urology, 156(1), 85–88.
Miller, J. S., Lee, T. K., Epstein, J. I., & Ulbright, T. M. (2009). The utility of microscopic findings and immunohistochemistry in the classification of necrotic testicular tumors: A study of 11 cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 33(9), 1293–1298.
Scholz, M., Zehender, M., Thalmann, G. N., Borner, M., Thöni, H., & Studer, U. E. (2002). Extragonadal retroperitoneal germ cell tumor: Evidence of origin in the testis. Annals of Oncology, 13(1), 121–124.
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Colecchia, M., Bertolotti, A. (2020). Regressed Germ Cell Tumors. In: Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (eds) Uropathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4921
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4921
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