Shoulds (Horney)

Introduction

Karen Horney’s theory of psychological development provides a rich conceptual framework for understanding psychopathology, and, while often unacknowledged, her influence can be recognized in contemporary thought. In a time when the psychoanalytic landscape was dominated by the classical perspective, Horney reformulated the tenets of Freudian theory. Rather than centering on instinctual drives and sexuality, her theories emphasize the formation of self, the significant impact of relationships, and of cultural factors (Horney 1945). Some of Horney’s work could be regarded as an early precursor to what is now called relational theory.

Horney argued that psychopathology is best understood as the result of underlying character disturbances, rigid patterns of relatedness, and conflicts between the real self and idealized self. In her view, the neurotic individual is often preoccupied with the idealized self-image, measuring herself against an unattainable standard of...