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Cytokines (IL-2, IFN GM-CSF etc) Melanoma

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Cutaneous Melanoma

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Abstract

Treatment of advanced stage melanoma has recently undergone a revolutionary change. Prior to 2011 dacarbazine and interleukin-2 were the only treatment options with both demonstrating no impact on overall survival. However, the experience with and results with IL-2 therapy have stimulated development of novel immunotherapies in this disease. IL-2 was the first immunotherapy to be approved for patients with metastatic melanoma and produced durable complete remissions in about 6% of patients. The accompanying toxicity, however, limited the widespread use of IL-2 therapy. In contrast, interferon-alpha despite its important role in the adjuvant setting, never showed a significant response rate or any survival benefit in patients with stage IV disease.

Currently, due to the highly successful revival of immunotherapy with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA4 and PD1 on T-lymphocytes, the exploration of cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-a and others, now in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has been rejuvenated in this disease.

This chapter summarizes the development and use of cytokines as single agents or in combination in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    John B. A. G. Haanen

  2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Ryan J. Sullivan

  3. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburg, PA, USA

    John Kirkwood

  4. Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Michael B. Atkins

  5. Indiana University Health, Bloomington, IN, USA

    Douglas J. Schwartzentruber

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  1. John B. A. G. Haanen
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  2. Ryan J. Sullivan
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  3. John Kirkwood
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  4. Michael B. Atkins
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  5. Douglas J. Schwartzentruber
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Correspondence to John B. A. G. Haanen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA

    Charles Balch

  2. Division of Surgery, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Jeffrey Gershenwald

  3. Melanoma Institute of Australia, Wollstonecraft, Australia

    John Thompson

  4. Georgetown Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Michael Atkins

  5. Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    John Kirkwood

  6. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Richard Kefford

  7. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Arthur Sober

  8. Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, USA

    Allan Halpern

  9. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Claus Garbe

  10. Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown NSW, Australia

    Richard Scolyer

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Haanen, J.B.A.G., Sullivan, R.J., Kirkwood, J., Atkins, M.B., Schwartzentruber, D.J. (2019). Cytokines (IL-2, IFN GM-CSF etc) Melanoma. In: Balch, C., et al. Cutaneous Melanoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46029-1_56-1

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