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Cellulose Nanofibers: Fabrication and Surface Functionalization Techniques

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Handbook of Nanofibers

Abstract

Cellulose fibers which consist of a bundle of stretched cellulose chain molecules with cellulose fibril are the smallest structural unit of plant fiber. These elementary fibrils or nanofibers are about 2–20 nm in diameter and a few micrometers in length. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is the world’s most advanced bio-nanomaterial. As the cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, and sustainable biopolymer on earth, it creates low environmental impact in its production and disposal. In this chapter, the unique properties of CNFs were introduced including stiffness, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to form a strong entangled nanoporous network, thermal properties, and swelling in water and water absorptivity. Different fabrication techniques including physical methods (e.g., mechanical refining), chemical methods (treatment with acids and alkalis), and biological methods (treatment with specific bacteria and enzymes) were discussed. The chemical grafting on the CNFs and deposition of nanoparticles on nanofiber surface were described. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of CNFs were presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China

    Kai Zhang, Chen Xiaoqing & Haoyi Li

  2. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China

    Haoyi Li

  3. Institut Européen des Membranes (IEMM, ENSCM UM CNRS UMR5635), Montpellier, France

    Ahmed Barhoum

  4. Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium

    Pieter Samyn

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  1. Kai Zhang
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  2. Ahmed Barhoum
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  3. Chen Xiaoqing
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  4. Haoyi Li
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  5. Pieter Samyn
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ahmed Barhoum or Haoyi Li .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Européen des Membranes (IEMM, ENSCM UM CNRS UMR5635), Montpellier, France

    Ahmed Barhoum

  2. Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM – UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Mikhael Bechelany

  3. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA

    Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

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Zhang, K., Barhoum, A., Xiaoqing, C., Li, H., Samyn, P. (2019). Cellulose Nanofibers: Fabrication and Surface Functionalization Techniques. In: Barhoum, A., Bechelany, M., Makhlouf, A. (eds) Handbook of Nanofibers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53655-2_58

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