Perinatal Malnutrition and Epigenetic Regulation of Long-Term Metabolism

Hardy, Daniel B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_38

Daniel B. Hardy³

161 Accesses

Abstract

Maternal malnutrition in perinatal life can have long-lasting adverse effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis in the offspring, culminating in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying how these nutritional deficits during perinatal life lead to permanent changes in hepatic and adipose function will provide efficacious therapeutic strategies to mitigate these metabolic defects short and long term. This chapter addresses how epigenetic mechanisms mediate alterations in hepatic and adipose gene expression identified from clinical studies and different experimental models of maternal malnutrition. These include DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and microRNAs.

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Abbreviations

11β-HSD1:: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1
ABCA1:: ATP-binding cassette transporter 1
ABCG5/8:: ATP-binding cassette transporter 5/8
ACCα:: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α
ADP:: Adenine diphosphate
APOE:: Apolipoprotein E
CpG:: Cysteine-phosphate-guanine
CVD:: Cardiovascular disease
Cyp7a1:: Cytochrome P450 7a1
DOHaD:: Developmental origins of health and disease
ER stress:: Endoplasmic reticulum stress
FBPase:: Fructose bisphosphatase
G6Pase:: Glucose-6 phosphatase
GDF3:: Growth differentiation factor-3
HDL:: High-density lipoprotein
HMG-COA:: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
HNF4α:: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
IGF-1:: Insulin growth factor 1
IGF-2R:: Insulin growth factor 2 receptor
IUGR:: Intrauterine growth restriction
JMJD:: Jmj-domain-containing histone demethylation protein
LDL:: Low-density lipoproteins
LP:: Low protein
LXR:: Liver X receptor
LXRE:: Liver X receptor element
miRs:: MicroRNAs
MPR:: Maternal protein restriction
PCK1:: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)
PEPCK:: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PND:: Postnatal day
SCD-1:: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
SMAD4:: SMAD family member 4
WAT:: White adipose tissue

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Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, The Children’s Health Research Institute and The Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
Daniel B. Hardy

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School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
Vinood B. Patel
Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
Victor R. Preedy

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Hardy, D.B. (2019). Perinatal Malnutrition and Epigenetic Regulation of Long-Term Metabolism. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_38

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_38
Published: 05 January 2019
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