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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to identify eloquent brain regions prior to tissue removal during neurosurgery. However, a known problem with relying upon preoperative functional mapping is that the patient’s brain shifts during the neurosurgical procedure due to gravity, movement of the dura, and the brain’s filling of space once occupied by cerebral spinal fluid or other removed tissue (e.g., brain tumor). Intraoperative fMRI (i-fMRI) was developed as a method to minimize error caused by “brain shift” by integrating fMRI within specialized operating theaters during neurosurgical procedures (Gasser et al. 2005). Functional localization using i-fMRI has been limited to the localization of somatosensory cortex given the patient is anesthetized during the procedure. More recently, awake i-fMRI (ai-fMRI) has shown potential in allowing the functional localization of cognitive activities of higher complexity given the patient may perform volitional...
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References
Gasser, T., Ganslandt, O., Sandalcioglu, E., Stolke, D., Fahlbusch, R., & Nimsky, C. (2005). Intraoperative functional MRI: Implementation and preliminary experience. NeuroImage, 26(3), 685–693. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.022.
Lu, J.-F., Zhang, H., Wu, J.-S., Yao, C.-J., Zhuang, D.-X., Qiu, T.-M., et al. (2012). “Awake” intraoperative functional MRI (ai-fMRI) for mapping the eloquent cortex: Is it possible in awake craniotomy? Ynicl, 2, 132–142. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2012.12.002.
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Smith, D. (2018). Intraoperative fMRI. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_9034
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_9034
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