Abstract
In this chapter we review briefly the fundamentals of electrohydrodynamics (EHD), the characteristic EHD dimensionless numbers and the techniques to measure conductivity and electric field, as well as the peculiarities imposed by charging of particles in the classical fluid-mechanical methods for measuring velocity and visualizing fluid flows.
We begin with a brief review of the basic equations, followed by an examination of the physical mechanisms that govern fluid flow through the relevant dimensionless numbers related to electric forces. However, the main emphasis is put on the description of the experimental methods, used to measure the fundamental EHD magnitudes. First, we discuss the basic mechanisms of conductivity, how to measure it, and how to obtain reproducible I–V characteristics. This section also includes a discussion of the techniques to control ion injection. This is followed by a section dedicated to the measurement of mobility. Then we describe the Kerr effect, and how it can be used to measure the electric field in liquids. The last section is dedicated to a description of the difficulties we encounter in the classical techniques of laser Doppler anemometry, and visualization techniques in EHD flows, and how they may be overcome, at least partially. We hope that this chapter will be useful, not only to EHD researchers, but also to practising fluid dynamicists, and to chemical and electrical engineers who need to understand and apply the principles and experimental techniques of EHD in their work.
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Abbreviations
- PMMA:
-
polymethylmethacrylate
- SI:
-
spark ignition
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Castellanos, A., Pérez, A. (2007). Electrohydrodynamic Systems. In: Tropea, C., Yarin, A.L., Foss, J.F. (eds) Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30299-5_21
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