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The Family Lactobacillaceae: Genera Other than Lactobacillus

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The Prokaryotes

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Abstract

Members of the genus Pediococcus are Gram-positive, catalase negative, oxidase negative, lactic acid producing bacteria that prefer facultatively aerobic to microaerophilic growth conditions. Glucose and gluconate are fermented to lactic acid, but without the production of CO2, which classifies the genus as homofermentative. Cells are spherical and arranged in a tetrad formation. The genus Tetragenococcus has similar cell morphology. Pediococcus is genotypically closer related to the Lactobacillus casei/Lactobacillus paracasei group within the genus Lactobacillus than to Tetragenococcus. Pediococci are normally found in the same habitats as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Weissella spp. Most Pediococcus spp. have been isolated from plants and fermented plant material. Some strains have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals. Pediococcus acidilactici has been isolated from the GIT of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Pediococcus pentosaceus has been isolated from tonsils and the nasal cavity of piglets. Only a few rare strains are resistant to vancomycin and they are generally not regarded as pathogens. The genus Paralactobacillus was differentiated from homofermentative Lactobacillus spp. by its phylogenetic position based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and sugar fermentation profiles. However, the differentiations were denied later and Paralactobacillus selangorensis, sole species in the genus Paralactobacillus, was reclassified as a species in the genus Lactobacillus. The only species in the genus Sharpea is Sharpea azabuensis. The species is phylogenetically related to Lactobacillus catenaformis, but is differentiated based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. This chapter describes the history of the genera Paralactobacillus, Pediococcus and Sharpea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Leon Dicks

  2. Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan

    Akihito Endo

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  1. Leon Dicks
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  2. Akihito Endo
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Correspondence to Leon Dicks .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Dicks, L., Endo, A. (2014). The Family Lactobacillaceae: Genera Other than Lactobacillus . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30120-9_207

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