Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) of the Coronary, Aorta, Visceral, and Lower Extremity Arteries

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
PanVascular Medicine

  • 211 Accesses

Abstract

X-ray computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an ideal method for imaging the cardiovascular system given its potential for acquiring cross-sectional images, differentiating tissues, and obtaining reliable three-dimensional anatomical measurements. CTA performed with modern multi-slice systems permits rapid acquisition of vascular studies with high spatial resolution. CTA permits a noninvasive assessment of the coronary anatomy, is capable of quantifying coronary calcium in atherosclerotic plaques, and excludes the presence of severe stenosis of native coronary arteries and bypass grafts with reasonably high negative predictive accuracy. CTA has largely replaced ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) testing in the acute setting given its higher acquisition speed, lower cost, and higher diagnostic accuracy for the detection of large proximal emboli. CTA is ideal for evaluating pathologies of the thoracic aorta that demand rapid and accurate diagnosis and/or precise anatomical measurements. In patients undergoing endovascular repair, CTA permits topographic planning of endovascular prosthesis implantation, both in descending thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta. CTA is standard in the follow-up phase for identifying false lumen thrombosis and detecting the presence of endoleaks or aneurysm re-expansion. CTA is an important noninvasive method for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and for evaluation after revascularization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

Curved multi-planar reformatting:

A modification of multi-planar reformatting, where the vessel can be reconstructed on a plane to fit a curve (usually the path of a vessel) and allow the display of the entire vessel in a single image.

Maximum intensity projection (MIP):

A visualization method for 3D data that projects in the visualization plane the voxels of a slab of data with the higher Hounsfield value structures superimposed over the lower ones.

Multi-planar reformatting (MPR):

A basic tool used to interpret the reconstructed 3D image datasets in any plane (coronal, sagittal, and oblique projections) with thin slice reconstruction.

Pitch:

A value representing the overlap of coverage between consecutive gantry rotations and determined by the speed of table advancement and longitudinal or z-coverage of the detector array.

Peak kilovoltage (kVp):

Maximum voltage applied across the X-ray tube.

X-ray tube current:

The number of electrons flowing from the negative to the positive electrode and expressed in milliamperes, mA.

X-ray tube voltage:

Maximum potential difference between positive (tungsten anode) and negative (cathode filament) electrodes, expressed in peak kilovoltage (kVp).

References

  • Addis KA, Hopper KD, Iyriboz TA, Liu Y, Wise SW, Kasales CJ, Blebea JS, Mauger DT (2001) CT angiography: in vitro comparison of five reconstruction methods. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177(5):1171–1176. doi:10.2214/ajr.177.5.1771171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R (1990) Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15(4):827–832

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anand DV, Lim E, Hopkins D, Corder R, Shaw LJ, Sharp P, Lipkin D, Lahiri A (2006) Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J 27(6):713–721

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arad Y, Goodman KJ, Roth M, Newstein D, Guerci AD (2005) Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors, C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events: the St Francis Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 46(1):158–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Auger WR, Kim NH, Kerr KM, Test VJ, Fedullo PF (2007) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Clin Chest Med 28(1):255–269, x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bae KT, Heiken JP, Brink JA (1998) Aortic and hepatic peak enhancement at CT: effect of contrast medium injection rate–pharmacokinetic analysis and experimental porcine model. Radiology 206(2):455–464. doi:10.1148/radiology.206.2.9457200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker CR, Hong C, Knez A, Leber A, Bruening R, Schoepf UJ, Reiser MF (2003) Optimal contrast application for cardiac 4-detector-row computed tomography. Invest Radiol 38(11):690–694. doi:10.1097/01.rli.0000084886.44676.e4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker A, Leber A, White CW, Becker C, Reiser MF, Knez A (2007) Multislice computed tomography for determination of coronary artery disease in a symptomatic patient population. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 23(3):361–367

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bettmann MA, Heeren T, Greenfield A, Goudey C (1997) Adverse events with radiographic contrast agents: results of the SCVIR Contrast Agent Registry. Radiology 203(3):611–620. doi:10.1148/radiology.203.3.9169677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bild DE, Detrano R, Peterson D, Guerci A, Liu K, Shahar E, Ouyang P, Jackson S, Saad MF (2005) Ethnic differences in coronary calcification: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 111(10):1313–1320. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157730.94423.4B

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, Knudtson M, Dada M, Casperson P, Harris CL, Chaitman BR, Shaw L, Gosselin G, Nawaz S, Title LM, Gau G, Blaustein AS, Booth DC, Bates ER, Spertus JA, Berman DS, Mancini GB, Weintraub WS, Group CTR (2007) Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 356(15):1503–1516. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa070829

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Budoff MJ, Achenbach S, Blumenthal RS, Carr JJ, Goldin JG, Greenland P, Guerci AD, Lima JA, Rader DJ, Rubin GD, Shaw LJ, Wiegers SE, American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular I, Intervention, American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular R, Intervention, American Heart Association Committee on Cardiac Imaging CoCC (2006) Assessment of coronary artery disease by cardiac computed tomography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation 114(16):1761–1791. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.178458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bushberg JTSJ, Seibert J, Leidholdt EM, Boone JM (2002) The essential physics of medical imaging, 2nd edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Cademartiri F, van der Lugt A, Luccichenti G, Pavone P, Krestin GP (2002) Parameters affecting bolus geometry in CTA: a review. J Comput Assist Tomogr 26(4):598–607

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Callister TQ, Cooil B, Raya SP, Lippolis NJ, Russo DJ, Raggi P (1998) Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method. Radiology 208(3):807–814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carman TL, Deitcher SR (2002) Advances in diagnosing and excluding pulmonary embolism: spiral CT and D-dimer measurement. Cleve Clin J Med 69(9):721–729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carrascosa PM, Capunay CM, Garcia-Merletti P, Carrascosa J, Garcia MF (2006) Characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques by multidetector computed tomography. Am J Cardiol 97(5):598–602. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.096

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carrascosa P, Capunay C, Bettinotti M, Goldsmit A, Deviggiano A, Carrascosa J, Garcia MJ (2007) Feasibility of gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid enhanced multidetector computed tomography for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 1(2):86–94. doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2007.06.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carrascosa P, Capunay C, Deviggiano A, Bettinotti M, Goldsmit A, Tajer C, Carrascosa J, Garcia MJ (2010) Feasibility of 64-slice gadolinium-enhanced cardiac CT for the evaluation of obstructive coronary artery disease. Heart 96(19):1543–1549. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.183699

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cayne NS, Veith FJ, Lipsitz EC, Ohki T, Mehta M, Gargiulo N, Suggs WD, Rozenblit A, Ricci Z, Timaran CH (2004) Variability of maximal aortic aneurysm diameter measurements on CT scan: significance and methods to minimize. J Vasc Surg 39(4):811–815. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2003.11.042

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng VY, Lepor NE, Madyoon H, Eshaghian S, Naraghi AL, Shah PK (2007) Presence and severity of noncalcified coronary plaque on 64-slice computed tomographic coronary angiography in patients with zero and low coronary artery calcium. Am J Cardiol 99(9):1183–1186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cody DD, Mahesh M (2007) AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: technologic advances in multidetector CT with a focus on cardiac imaging. Radiographics 27(6):1829–1837. doi:10.1148/rg.276075120

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dake MD, Kato N, Mitchell RS, Semba CP, Razavi MK, Shimono T, Hirano T, Takeda K, Yada I, Miller DC (1999) Endovascular stent-graft placement for the treatment of acute aortic dissection. N Engl J Med 340(20):1546–1552. doi:10.1056/NEJM199905203402004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Einstein AJ, Henzlova MJ, Rajagopalan S (2007) Estimating risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography. JAMA 298(3):317–323. doi:10.1001/jama.298.3.317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eng J, Krishnan JA, Segal JB, Bolger DT, Tamariz LJ, Streiff MB, Jenckes MW (2000) Accuracy of CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a systematic literature review. AJR 183:1819–1827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferencik M, Ferullo A, Achenbach S, Abbara S, Chan RC, Booth SL, Brady TJ, Hoffmann U (2003) Coronary calcium quantification using various calibration phantoms and scoring thresholds. Invest Radiol 38(9):559–566. doi:10.1097/01.RLI.0000073449.90302.75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fleischmann D, Rubin GD (2005) Quantification of intravenously administered contrast medium transit through the peripheral arteries: implications for CT angiography. Radiology 236(3):1076–1082

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flohr T, Stierstorfer K, Bruder H, Simon J, Schaller S (2002a) New technical developments in multislice CT–Part 1: approaching isotropic resolution with sub-millimeter 16-slice scanning. RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin 174(7):839–845. doi:10.1055/s-2002-32692

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flohr T, Bruder H, Stierstorfer K, Simon J, Schaller S, Ohnesorge B (2002b) New technical developments in multislice CT, part 2: sub-millimeter 16-slice scanning and increased gantry rotation speed for cardiac imaging. RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin 174(8):1022–1027. doi:10.1055/s-2002-32930

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flohr T, Stierstorfer K, Raupach R, Ulzheimer S, Bruder H (2004) Performance evaluation of a 64-slice CT system with z-flying focal spot. RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin 176(12):1803–1810. doi:10.1055/s-2004-813717

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flohr TG, McCollough CH, Bruder H, Petersilka M, Gruber K, Suss C, Grasruck M, Stierstorfer K, Krauss B, Raupach R, Primak AN, Kuttner A, Achenbach S, Becker C, Kopp A, Ohnesorge BM (2006) First performance evaluation of a dual-source CT (DSCT) system. Eur Radiol 16(2):256–268. doi:10.1007/s00330-005-2919-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuster V, Fayad ZA, Moreno PR, Poon M, Corti R, Badimon JJ (2005) Atherothrombosis and high-risk plaque: part II: approaches by noninvasive computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 46(7):1209–1218. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.075

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giesler T, Baum U, Ropers D, Ulzheimer S, Wenkel E, Mennicke M, Bautz W, Kalender WA, Daniel WG, Achenbach S (2002) Noninvasive visualization of coronary arteries using contrast-enhanced multidetector CT: influence of heart rate on image quality and stenosis detection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179(4):911–916. doi:10.2214/ajr.179.4.1790911

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein JA, Gallagher MJ, O’Neill WW, Ross MA, O’Neil BJ, Raff GL (2007) A randomized controlled trial of multi-slice coronary computed tomography for evaluation of acute chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(8):863–871. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.064

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein JA, Chinnaiyan KM, Abidov A, Achenbach S, Berman DS, Hayes SW, Hoffmann U, Lesser JR, Mikati IA, O’Neil BJ, Shaw LJ, Shen MY, Valeti US, Raff GL, Investigators C-S (2011) The CT-STAT (Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Systematic Triage of Acute Chest Pain Patients to Treatment) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 58(14):1414–1422. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.068

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC (2004) Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 291(2):210–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, Budoff MJ, Eisenberg MJ, Grundy SM, Lauer MS, Post WS, Raggi P, Redberg RF, Rodgers GP, Shaw LJ, Taylor AJ, Weintraub WS, Harrington RA, Abrams J, Anderson JL, Bates ER, Grines CL, Hlatky MA, Lichtenberg RC, Lindner JR, Pohost GM, Schofield RS, Shubrooks SJ Jr, Stein JH, Tracy CM, Vogel RA, Wesley DJ, American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task F, Society of Atherosclerosis I, Prevention, Society of Cardiovascular Computed T (2007) ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography). Circulation 115(3):402–426. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA..107.181425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gul KM, Mao SS, Gao Y, Oudiz RJ, Rasouli ML, Gopal A, Budoff MJ (2006) Noninvasive gadolinium-enhanced three dimensional computed tomography coronary angiography. Acad Radiol 13(7):840–849. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2006.04.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi H, Matsuoka Y, Sakamoto I, Sueyoshi E, Okimoto T, Hayashi K, Matsunaga N (2000) Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the aorta: imaging features and disease concept. Radiographics 20(4):995–1005. doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl01995

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henneman MM, Schuijf JD, Pundziute G, van Werkhoven JM, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW, Bax JJ (2008) Noninvasive evaluation with multislice computed tomography in suspected acute coronary syndrome: plaque morphology on multislice computed tomography versus coronary calcium score. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(3):216–222. doi:S0735-1097(08)01442-3 [pii]10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann U, Nagurney JT, Moselewski F, Pena A, Ferencik M, Chae CU, Cury RC, Butler J, Abbara S, Brown DF, Manini A, Nichols JH, Achenbach S, Brady TJ (2006) Coronary multidetector computed tomography in the assessment of patients with acute chest pain. Circulation 114(21):2251–2260. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634808

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann U, Truong QA, Schoenfeld DA, Chou ET, Woodard PK, Nagurney JT, Pope JH, Hauser TH, White CS, Weiner SG, Kalanjian S, Mullins ME, Mikati I, Peacock WF, Zakroysky P, Hayden D, Goehler A, Lee H, Gazelle GS, Wiviott SD, Fleg JL, Udelson JE, Investigators R-I (2012) Coronary CT angiography versus standard evaluation in acute chest pain. N Engl J Med 367(4):299–308. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1201161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, Adda O, Treyer V, Wyss CA, Veit-Haibach P, Tatsugami F, von Schulthess GK, Kaufmann PA (2008) Feasibility of low-dose coronary CT angiography: first experience with prospective ECG-gating. Eur Heart J 29(2):191–197. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm613

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson TR, Nikolaou K, Becker A, Leber AW, Rist C, Wintersperger BJ, Reiser MF, Becker CR (2008) Dual-source CT for chest pain assessment. Eur Radiol 18(4):773–780. doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0803-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz DS, Hon M (2001) CT angiography of the lower extremities and aortoiliac system with a multi-detector row helical CT scanner: promise of new opportunities fulfilled. Radiology 221(1):7–10. doi:10.1148/radiol.2211011087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JK, Farb RI, Wright GA (1998) Test bolus examination in the carotid artery at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 206(1):283–289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp AF, Schroeder S, Kuettner A, Heuschmid M, Georg C, Ohnesorge B, Kuzo R, Claussen CD (2001) Coronary arteries: retrospectively ECG-gated multi-detector row CT angiography with selective optimization of the image reconstruction window. Radiology 221(3):683–688. doi:10.1148/radiol.2213010174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lakoski SG, Greenland P, Wong ND, Schreiner PJ, Herrington DM, Kronmal RA, Liu K, Blumenthal RS (2007) Coronary artery calcium scores and risk for cardiovascular events in women classified as “low risk” based on Framingham risk score: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Arch Intern Med 167(22):2437–2442

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leber AW, Knez A, White CW, Becker A, von Ziegler F, Muehling O, Becker C, Reiser M, Steinbeck G, Boekstegers P (2003) Composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris determined by contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography. Am J Cardiol 91(6):714–718. doi:S0002914902034112 [pii]

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leber AW, Knez A, Becker A, Becker C, von Ziegler F, Nikolaou K, Rist C, Reiser M, White C, Steinbeck G, Boekstegers P (2004) Accuracy of multidetector spiral computed tomography in identifying and differentiating the composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a comparative study with intracoronary ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(7):1241–1247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YK, Seo JB, Jang YM, Do KH, Kim SS, Lee JS, Song KS, Song JW, Han H, Kim SS, Lee JY, Lim TH (2007) Acute and chronic complications of aortic intramural hematoma on follow-up computed tomography: incidence and predictor analysis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 31(3):435–440. doi:10.1097/01.rct.0000250112.87585.8e

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCollough CH, Bruesewitz MR, Kofler JM Jr (2006) CT dose reduction and dose management tools: overview of available options. Radiographics Rev Publ Radiol Soc N Am 26(2):503–512. doi:10.1148/rg.262055138

    Google Scholar 

  • Media ACoRCoDaC (2013) ACR manual on contrast media. Version 9 edn

    Google Scholar 

  • Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Rittase RA, Kennedy TP (2004) Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: an evidence-based protocol. Crit Pathw Cardiol 3(3):138–143. doi:10.1097/01.hpc.0000137152.52554.76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morin RL, Gerber TC, McCollough CH (2003) Radiation dose in computed tomography of the heart. Circulation 107(6):917–922

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Motoyama S, Kondo T, Sarai M, Sugiura A, Harigaya H, Sato T, Inoue K, Okumura M, Ishii J, Anno H, Virmani R, Ozaki Y, Hishida H, Narula J (2007) Multislice computed tomographic characteristics of coronary lesions in acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 50(4):319–326. doi:S0735-1097(07)01424-6 [pii]10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.044

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller C, Buerkle G, Buettner HJ, Petersen J, Perruchoud AP, Eriksson U, Marsch S, Roskamm H (2002) Prevention of contrast media-associated nephropathy: randomized comparison of 2 hydration regimens in 1620 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Arch Intern Med 162(3):329–336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muhs BE, Vincken KL, van Prehn J, Stone MK, Bartels LW, Prokop M, Moll FL, Verhagen HJ (2006) Dynamic cine-CT angiography for the evaluation of the thoracic aorta; insight in dynamic changes with implications for thoracic endograft treatment. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg Off J Eur Soc Vasc Surg 32(5):532–536. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.05.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagatani Y, Takahashi M, Takazakura R, Nitta N, Murata K, Ushio N, Matsuo S, Yamamoto T, Horie M (2007) Multidetector-row computed tomography coronary angiography: optimization of image reconstruction phase according to the heart rate. Circ J Off J Jpn Circ Soc 71(1):112–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Nienaber CA, Fattori R, Lund G, Dieckmann C, Wolf W, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V, Pierangeli A (1999) Nonsurgical reconstruction of thoracic aortic dissection by stent-graft placement. N Engl J Med 340(20):1539–1545. doi:10.1056/NEJM199905203402003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oncel D, Oncel G, Tastan A (2007) Effectiveness of dual-source CT coronary angiography for the evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients with atrial fibrillation: initial experience. Radiology 245(3):703–711. doi:10.1148/radiol.2453070094

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Posniak HV, Olson MC, Demos TC, Benjoya RA, Marsan RE (1990) CT of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Radiographics 10(5):839–855. doi:10.1148/radiographics.10.5.2217974

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raggi P, Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Callister TQ (2004) Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium screening in subjects with and without diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(9):1663–1669. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Renda F, Mura P, Finco G, Ferrazin F, Pani L, Landoni G (2013) Metformin-associated lactic acidosis requiring hospitalization. A national 10 year survey and a systematic literature review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 17(Suppl 1):45–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin GD, Schmidt AJ, Logan LJ, Sofilos MC (2001) Multi-detector row CT angiography of lower extremity arterial inflow and runoff: initial experience. Radiology 221(1):146–158. doi:10.1148/radiol.2211001325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubinshtein R, Halon DA, Gaspar T, Jaffe R, Karkabi B, Flugelman MY, Kogan A, Shapira R, Peled N, Lewis BS (2007) Usefulness of 64-slice cardiac computed tomography angiography for diagnosing acute coronary syndromes and predicting clinical outcome in emergency department patients with chest pain of uncertain origin. Circulation 115(13):1762–1768. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.618389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick MR, Goldfarb S, Wexler L, Ludbrook PA, Murphy MJ, Halpern EF, Hill JA, Winniford M, Cohen MB, VanFossen DB (1995) Nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic contrast media in 1196 patients: a randomized trial. Iohexol Cooperative Study Kidney Int 47(1):254–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rybicki FJ, Otero HJ, Steigner ML, Vorobiof G, Nallamshetty L, Mitsouras D, Ersoy H, Mather RT, Judy PF, Cai T, Coyner K, Schultz K, Whitmore AG, Di Carli MF (2008) Initial evaluation of coronary images from 320-detector row computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 24(5):535–546. doi:10.1007/s10554-008-9308-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmermund A, Mohlenkamp S, Berenbein S, Pump H, Moebus S, Roggenbuck U, Stang A, Seibel R, Gronemeyer D, Jockel KH, Erbel R (2006) Population-based assessment of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis using electron-beam computed tomography. Atherosclerosis 185(1):177–182. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder S, Kopp AF, Baumbach A, Meisner C, Kuettner A, Georg C, Ohnesorge B, Herdeg C, Claussen CD, Karsch KR (2001) Noninvasive detection and evaluation of atherosclerotic coronary plaques with multislice computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 37(5):1430–1435. doi:S0735-1097(01)01115-9 [pii]

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuijf JD, Bax JJ, Shaw LJ, de Roos A, Lamb HJ, van der Wall EE, Wijns W (2006) Meta-analysis of comparative diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging and multislice computed tomography for noninvasive coronary angiography. Am Heart J 151(2):404–411. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.03.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuijf JD, Beck T, Burgstahler C, Jukema JW, Dirksen MS, de Roos A, van der Wall EE, Schroeder S, Wijns W, Bax JJ (2007) Differences in plaque composition and distribution in stable coronary artery disease versus acute coronary syndromes; non-invasive evaluation with multi-slice computed tomography. Acute Card Care 9(1):48–53. doi:777298616 [pii]10.1080/17482940601052648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sebastia C, Pallisa E, Quiroga S, Alvarez-Castells A, Dominguez R, Evangelista A (1999) Aortic dissection: diagnosis and follow-up with helical CT. Radiographics 19(1):45–60. doi:10.1148/radiographics.19.1.g99ja0945; quiz 149–150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seifarth H, Wienbeck S, Pusken M, Juergens KU, Maintz D, Vahlhaus C, Heindel W, Fischbach R (2007) Optimal systolic and diastolic reconstruction windows for coronary CT angiography using dual-source CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189(6):1317–1323. doi:10.2214/AJR.07.2711

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Sover ER (1993) Value of contrast-enhanced CT in detecting active hemorrhage in patients with blunt abdominal or pelvic trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 161(1):65–69. doi:10.2214/ajr.161.1.8517323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw LJ, Raggi P, Schisterman E, Berman DS, Callister TQ (2003) Prognostic value of cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium screening for all-cause mortality. Radiology 228(3):826–833

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC, Inoue T, Ohe Y (2006) Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 166(13):1350–1356. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.13.1350

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon R, Werner C, Mann D, D’Elia J, Silva P (1994) Effects of saline, mannitol, and furosemide to prevent acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents. N Engl J Med 331(21):1416–1420. doi:10.1056/NEJM199411243312104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, Hales CA, Hull RD, Leeper KV Jr, Popovich J Jr, Quinn DA, Sos TA, Sostman HD, Tapson VF, Wakefield TW, Weg JG, Woodard PK, Woodard PK (2006) Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 354(22):2317–2327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Task Force on Pulmonary Embolism ESoC, Torbicki A, van Beek E, Charbonnier B, Meyer G, Morpurgo M, Palla A, Perrier A (2000) Guidelines on diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 21:1301–1336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tenenbaum A, Garniek A, Shemesh J, Fisman EZ, Stroh CI, Itzchak Y, Vered Z, Motro M (1998) Dual-helical CT for detecting aortic atheromas as a source of stroke: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Radiology 208(1):153–158. doi:10.1148/radiology.208.1.9646807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toprak O (2007) Conflicting and new risk factors for contrast induced nephropathy. J Urol 178(6):2277–2283. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.08.054

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White GH, Yu W, May J, Chaufour X, Stephen MS (1997) Endoleak as a complication of endoluminal grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms: classification, incidence, diagnosis, and management. J Endovasc Surg Off J Int Soc Endovasc Surg 4(2):152–168. doi:10.1583/1074-6218(1997)004<0152:EAACOE>2.0.CO;2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams DM, Lee DY, Hamilton BH, Marx MV, Narasimham DL, Kazanjian SN, Prince MR, Andrews JC, Cho KJ, Deeb GM (1997) The dissected aorta: part III. Anatomy and radiologic diagnosis of branch-vessel compromise. Radiology 203(1):37–44. doi:10.1148/radiology.203.1.9122414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wintersperger BJ, Nikolaou K, von Ziegler F, Johnson T, Rist C, Leber A, Flohr T, Knez A, Reiser MF, Becker CR (2006) Image quality, motion artifacts, and reconstruction timing of 64-slice coronary computed tomography angiography with 0.33-s rotation speed. Invest Radiol 41(5):436–442. doi:10.1097/01.rli.0000202639.99949.c6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wittram C, Yoo AJ (2007) Transient interruption of contrast on CT pulmonary angiography: proof of mechanism. J Thorac Imaging 22(2):125–129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Fletcher JG, Vrtiska TJ, Manduca A, Thompson JL, Raghavan ML, Wentz RJ, McCollough CH (2007) Large-vessel distensibility measurement with electrocardiographically gated multidetector CT: phantom study and initial experience. Radiology 245(1):258–266. doi:10.1148/radiol.2451060530

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, The University Hospital for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, 10467, Bronx, NY, USA

    Mario J. Garcia

Authors
  1. Mario J. Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario J. Garcia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center Bitterfeld, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany

    Peter Lanzer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Garcia, M.J. (2015). Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) of the Coronary, Aorta, Visceral, and Lower Extremity Arteries. In: Lanzer, P. (eds) PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_36

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37077-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37078-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation